{"product_id":"cigss-thin-film-solar-cells-9781249175988","title":"Cigss Thin Film Solar Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Nr\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: General\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis report describes the I-III-VI2 compounds that are developing into a promising material to meet the energy requirement of the world. CuInSe2 (CIS) and its alloy with Ga and S have shown long-term stability and highest conversion efficiency of 19.5%. Among the various ways of preparing CuIn1-xGaxSe2-ySy (CIGSS)\/CdS thin-film solar cells, co-evaporation and sputtering techniques are the most promising. Sputtering is an established process for very high-throughput manufacturing. ARCO Solar, now Shell Solar, pioneered the work in CIS using the sputtering technique. The two-stage process developed by ARCO Solar involved sputtering of a copper and indium layer on molybdenum-coated glass as the first step. In the second step, the copper-indium layers were exposed to a selenium-bearing gas such as hydrogen selenide (H2Se) mixed with argon. The hydrogen selenide breaks down and leaves selenium, which reacts and mixes with the copper and indium in such a way to produce very high-quality CIS absorber layer. Sputtering technology has the added advantage of being easily scaled up and promotes roll-to-roll production on flexible substrates. Preliminary experiments were carried out. ZnO\/ZnO: Al deposition by RF magnetron sputtering and CdS deposition by chemical-bath deposition are being carried out on a routine basis.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bibliogov","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47573876506775,"sku":"9781249175988","price":1339.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781249175988.webp?v=1774894025","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/cigss-thin-film-solar-cells-9781249175988","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}