{"product_id":"citizenship-and-its-discontents-an-indian-history-9788178244600","title":"Citizenship and its Discontents: An Indian History","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): Niraja Gopal Jayal\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Orient Blackswan Pvt Ltd\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Orient Blackswan Pvt Ltd\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBreaking new ground in scholarship, this is the first history of citizenship in India. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnlike the mature democracies of the West, India began as a true republic of equals with a complex architecture of citizenship rights that was sensitive to the many hierarchies of Indian society. In this provocative biography of the defining aspiration of modern India, Jayal shows how the progressive civic ideals embodied in the constitution have been challenged by exclusions based on social and economic inequality, and sometimes also, paradoxically, undermined by its own policies of inclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCitizenship and Its Discontents\u003c\/em\u003e explores a century of contestations over citizenship from the colonial period to the present, analysing evolving conceptions of citizenship as legal status, as rights, and as identity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe early optimism that a new India could be fashioned out of an unequal and diverse society led to a formally inclusive legal membership, an impulse to social and economic rights, and group-differentiated citizenship. Today, these policies to create a civic community of equals are losing support in a climate of social intolerance and weak solidarity. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce seen by Western political scientists as an anomaly, India today is a site where every major theoretical debate about citizenship is being enacted in practice, and one that no global discussion of the subject can afford to ignore.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Orient Blackswan Pvt Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":45616487006359,"sku":"9788178244600","price":499.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9788178244600.webp?v=1769294921","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/citizenship-and-its-discontents-an-indian-history-9788178244600","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}