{"product_id":"electoral-systems-and-political-transformation-in-post-communist-europe-9781349431380","title":"Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): S. Birch\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Springer\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Palgrave MacMillan\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Political Process - Campaigns \u0026amp; Elections\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElectoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe assesses the influence of electoral systems on political change in 20 post-communist European states. The main finding is that electoral institutions have systematic effects on the formation of representative structures. 'Party-enabling' aspects of electoral laws such as list proportional representation tend to foster popular inclusion in politics and institutionalized party systems, whereas 'politician-enabling' rules such as single-member districts and ballots that allow voters to select individuals often favour the development of weakly structured systems and high levels of popular exclusion from the representative process.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":45280838090903,"sku":"9781349431380","price":3672.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781349431380.webp?v=1769297452","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/electoral-systems-and-political-transformation-in-post-communist-europe-9781349431380","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}