{"product_id":"evolution-and-speciation-in-animals-9781032009193","title":"Evolution and Speciation in Animals","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): T. J. Pandian\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Taylor \u0026amp; Francis\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: CRC Press\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Animals - General\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book represents the first attempt to quantify environmental factors and life history traits that accelerate or decelerate species diversity in animals. About 15%, 8% and 77% of species are distributed in marine (70% of earth's surface), freshwater (terra firma fosters more diversity. The harsh hadal, desert and elevated montane habitats restrict diversity to 0.5-4.2%. Costing more time and energy, osmotrophic and suspension modes of food acquisition limit diversity to \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelfing hermaphrodites (0.9%), parthenogens (\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncidence of heterogamety is four-times more in males than in females. Hence, evolution is more a male-driven process. Egg size is determined by environmental factors, but lecithality is genetically fixed. In poikilotherms, sex is also determined by gene(s), but differentiation by environmental factors. The extra-ovarian vitellogenesis (\u0026gt; 96%), spermatozoan (81%) rather than spermatophore mechanism of sperm transfer, promiscuity and polygamy over monogamy, iteroparity (99.6%) over semelparity and internal fertilization (84%) are preferred, as they accelerate diversity. Body size and egg size determine fecundity. Indirect life cycle (82%) and incorporation of feeding larval stages accelerate diversity. Brooding and viviparity (6.4%) decelerate it. Parasitism extends life span and liberates fecundity from eutelism.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvolution is an ongoing process, and speciation and extinction are its unavoidable by-products. The in-built conservation mechanism of reviving life after a sleeping duration has been reduced from a few million years in microbial spores to a few thousand years in plant seeds and a few hundred years in dormant eggs in animals. Hence, animal conservation requires priority. The existence of temperature-resistant\/insensitive individuals, strains and species shall flourish during the ongoing global warming and earth shall continue with such burgeoning species, hopefully inclusive of man.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":45241323880599,"sku":"9781032009193","price":15794.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781032009193.webp?v=1769228371","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/evolution-and-speciation-in-animals-9781032009193","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}