{"product_id":"pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-pk-pd-modelling-9783659129186","title":"Pharmacokinetic \/ Pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) Modelling","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): Dheeraj Gopu\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Pharmacology\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) modeling is scientific mathematical tool which integrates relationship PK model to that of PD model and a statistical model (particularly, the intra- and inter-individual variability of PK and\/or PD origin). PK-PD approach is used from initial preclinical stage to last clinical phases for exploring the concentration-effect relationships executed using various approaches, such as steady state concentrations versus non-steady state concentrations models and parametric versus nonparametric models. Basing on the concentration-response invariant data basic models such as fixed-effect, linear, log-linear, Emax and sigmaoid Emax models are used. But in case of time-concentration and time-response variant conditions effect compartment, acute tolerance, sensitization and physiological indirect response models have been used. PK\/PD modeling can be used as an applied science tool to provide answers on efficacy and safety of new drugs faster and at a lower cost. Still limits of PK\/PD approaches include the development of appropriate models, the validity of surrogate endpoints, and the acceptance of these models in a regulatory environment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LAP Lambert Academic Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47574353150103,"sku":"9783659129186","price":4514.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9783659129186.webp?v=1774895231","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-pk-pd-modelling-9783659129186","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}