{"product_id":"phonological-parsing-in-speech-recognition-9781461292005","title":"Phonological Parsing in Speech Recognition","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): K. Church\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Springer\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Springer\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Electronics - General\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is well-known that phonemes have different acoustic realizations depending on the context. Thus, for example, the phoneme \/t! is typically realized with a heavily aspirated strong burst at the beginning of a syllable as in the word Tom, but without a burst at the end of a syllable in a word like cat. Variation such as this is often considered to be problematic for speech recogni- tion: (1) \"In most systems for sentence recognition, such modifications must be viewed as a kind of 'noise' that makes it more difficult to hypothesize lexical candidates given an in- put phonetic transcription. To see that this must be the case, we note that each phonological rule [in a certain example] results in irreversible ambiguity-the phonological rule does not have a unique inverse that could be used to recover the underlying phonemic representation for a lexical item. For example, . . . schwa vowels could be the first vowel in a word like 'about' or the surface realization of almost any English vowel appearing in a sufficiently destressed word. The tongue flap [(] could have come from a \/t! or a \/d\/. \" [65, pp. 548-549] This view of allophonic variation is representative of much of the speech recognition literature, especially during the late 1970's. One can find similar statements by Cole and Jakimik [22] and by Jelinek [50].\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":45283066019991,"sku":"9781461292005","price":7267.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781461292005.webp?v=1769303980","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/phonological-parsing-in-speech-recognition-9781461292005","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}