{"product_id":"practical-bilevel-optimization-algorithms-and-applications-9780792354581","title":"Practical Bilevel Optimization: Algorithms and Applications","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): Jonathan F. Bard\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Springer\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Springer\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Linear \u0026amp; Nonlinear Programming\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe use of optimization techniques has become integral to the design and analysis of most industrial and socio-economic systems. Great strides have been made recently in the solution of large-scale problems arising in such areas as production planning, airline scheduling, government regulation, and engineering design, to name a few. Analysts have found, however, that standard mathematical programming models are often inadequate in these situations because more than a single objective function and a single decision maker are involved. Multiple objective programming deals with the extension of optimization techniques to account for several objective functions, while game theory deals with the inter-personal dynamics surrounding conflict. Bilevel programming, the focus of this book, is in a narrow sense the combination of the two. It addresses the problern in which two decision makers, each with their individual objectives, act and react in a noncooperative, sequential manner. The actions of one affect the choices and payoffs available to the other but neither player can completely dominate the other in the traditional sense.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":45284589994135,"sku":"9780792354581","price":21830.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9780792354581.webp?v=1769281655","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/practical-bilevel-optimization-algorithms-and-applications-9780792354581","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}