{"product_id":"railroad-regulation-competitive-access-and-its-effects-on-selected-railroads-and-shippers-rced-87-109-9781289130572","title":"Railroad Regulation: Competitive Access and Its Effects on Selected Railroads and Shippers: RCED-87-109","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): U. S. Government Accountability Office (\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: General\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC) implementation of Staggers Rail Act provisions relating to joint rate and reciprocal switching cancellations, focusing on: (1) ICC criteria for the suspension or investigation of cancellations; (2) the effects of cancellations on selected railroads and shippers; and (3) the ability of railroads and shippers to use antitrust laws to protest cancellations. \u003cbr\u003e GAO noted that: (1) under a reciprocal switching agreement, two railroads interchange cars originating or terminating on their track for an agreed-upon charge; and (2) joint rates simplify dealings between railroads and shippers, since one rate applies to goods that move over more than one railroad. GAO found that: (1) in considering cancellation suspensions, ICC requires a protester to show that it has a substantial likelihood of winning its case, it would suffer substantial injury without the suspension, and the act's refund provision would not protect it; (2) most railroads indicated that retaliation for another railroad's cancellations was an important reason for cancellations; (3) most protesting railroads lost revenue as a result of cancellations; (4) shippers indicated that cancellations resulted in higher costs and poorer rail services; and (5) regulations limit the availability of current antitrust laws to provide shippers and railroads with relief from cancellations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bibliogov","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47575707123863,"sku":"9781289130572","price":1564.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781289130572.webp?v=1774898812","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/railroad-regulation-competitive-access-and-its-effects-on-selected-railroads-and-shippers-rced-87-109-9781289130572","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}