{"product_id":"signals-and-boundaries-building-blocks-for-complex-adaptive-systems-9780262525930","title":"Signals and Boundaries: Building Blocks for Complex Adaptive Systems","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): John H. Holland\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: MIT Press\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: MIT Press\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Intelligence (AI) \u0026amp; Semantics\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn overarching framework for comparing and steering complex adaptive systems is developed through understanding the mechanisms that generate their intricate signal\/boundary hierarchies.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplex adaptive systems (cas), including ecosystems, governments, biological cells, and markets, are characterized by intricate hierarchical arrangements of boundaries and signals. In ecosystems, for example, niches act as semi-permeable boundaries, and smells and visual patterns serve as signals; governments have departmental hierarchies with memoranda acting as signals; and so it is with other cas. Despite a wealth of data and descriptions concerning different cas, there remain many unanswered questions about \"steering\" these systems. In \u003ci\u003eSignals and Boundaries\u003c\/i\u003e, John Holland argues that understanding the origin of the intricate signal\/border hierarchies of these systems is the key to answering such questions. He develops an overarching framework for comparing and steering cas through the mechanisms that generate their signal\/boundary hierarchies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHolland lays out a path for developing the framework that emphasizes agents, niches, theory, and mathematical models. He discusses, among other topics, theory construction; signal-processing agents; networks as representations of signal\/boundary interaction; adaptation; recombination and reproduction; the use of tagged urn models (adapted from elementary probability theory) to represent boundary hierarchies; finitely generated systems as a way to tie the models examined into a single framework; the framework itself, illustrated by a simple finitely generated version of the development of a multi-celled organism; and Markov processes.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MIT Press","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47780646027415,"sku":"9780262525930","price":2680.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9780262525930.webp?v=1778046853","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/signals-and-boundaries-building-blocks-for-complex-adaptive-systems-9780262525930","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}