{"product_id":"subsurface-upgrading-of-heavy-crude-oils-and-bitumen-9781032238906","title":"Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): Cesar Ovalles\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Taylor \u0026amp; Francis\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: CRC Press\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: Chemistry - Industrial \u0026amp; Technical\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeavy crude oils and bitumen represent more than 50% of all hydrocarbons available on the planet. These feedstocks have a low amount of distillable material and high level of contaminants that make their production, transportation, and refining difficult and costly by conventional technologies. \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eSubsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e is of interest to the petroleum industry mainly because of the advantages compared to aboveground counterparts. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe author presents an in-depth account and a critical review of the progress of industry and academia in underground or \u003ci\u003eIn-Situ\u003c\/i\u003e upgrading of heavy, extra-heavy oils and bitumen, as reported in the patent and open literature. This work is aimed to be a standalone monograph, so three chapters are dedicated to the composition of petroleum and fundamentals of crude oil production and refining.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Features: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a multidisciplinary scope that will appeal to chemists, geologists, biologists, chemical engineers, and petroleum engineers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies considered\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscusses economic and environmental considerations for all the routes evaluated and offers perspectives from experts in the field working with highlighted technologies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":45241529696407,"sku":"9781032238906","price":4233.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9781032238906.webp?v=1769229015","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/subsurface-upgrading-of-heavy-crude-oils-and-bitumen-9781032238906","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}