{"product_id":"what-is-software-how-software-is-used-with-computers-9798312683851","title":"What is Software: How software is used with computers","description":"\u003cp\u003e • Author(s): Jc Reardon\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher: Independently Published\u003cbr\u003e • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published\u003cbr\u003e • BISAC: General\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is Software?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoftware refers to a collection of instructions, data, or programs that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. It includes: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSystem Software\u003c\/b\u003e: Operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS), utilities, and drivers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eApplication Software\u003c\/b\u003e: Programs designed for users, such as web browsers, office suites, and games.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eProgramming Software\u003c\/b\u003e: Tools for developers like compilers, debuggers, and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is Programming?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProgramming is the process of designing, writing, testing, and maintaining code that enables software to function. It involves: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAlgorithms\u003c\/b\u003e: Step-by-step procedures to solve problems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCode\u003c\/b\u003e: Written instructions using programming languages.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDebugging\u003c\/b\u003e: Fixing errors in the code.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003eProgramming Paradigms\u003c\/b\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eProcedural Programming\u003c\/b\u003e (e.g., C, COBOL, FORTRAN)\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCode is structured as sequences of instructions (procedures).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses loops, conditionals, and functions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObject-Oriented Programming (OOP)\u003c\/b\u003e (e.g., Java, C++, Python)\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses objects and classes to model real-world entities.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinciples: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFunctional Programming\u003c\/b\u003e (e.g., Lisp, Haskell, Scala)\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmphasizes functions as first-class citizens.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoids changing states and mutable data.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eScripting Languages\u003c\/b\u003e (e.g., Python, JavaScript, Ruby)\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsed for automation, web development, and quick tasks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOften interpreted rather than compiled.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003ePopular \u0026amp; Classic Programming Languages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere's a mix of modern and historical languages, including the ones you mentioned: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eYear Created\u003c\/b\u003e: 1959\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: Business, finance, and administrative systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for readability (English-like syntax).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsed in legacy banking and government systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHighly structured and procedural.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStill in use today for maintaining old systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. FORTRAN (Formula Translation)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eYear Created\u003c\/b\u003e: 1957\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: Scientific, engineering, and numerical computing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe first high-level programming language.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptimized for mathematical calculations and performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStill widely used in scientific computing, aerospace, and simulations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Visual Basic (VB)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eYear Created\u003c\/b\u003e: 1991 (Derived from BASIC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: Rapid application development (RAD) for Windows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvent-driven and easy-to-learn.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses a graphical user interface (GUI) builder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplaced by VB.NET in the .NET framework.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. C (1972)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: Systems programming, embedded systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow-level access to memory.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePortable across different systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoundation for C++, Java, and many other languages.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. C++ (1983)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: General-purpose, OOP programming.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtends C with object-oriented features.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsed in game development, system software, and performance-critical applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Java (1995)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: Cross-platform applications (Write Once, Run Anywhere).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrongly typed and OOP-focused.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWidely used in enterprise applications, Android development, and web apps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Independently Published","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":45555344081047,"sku":"9798312683851","price":1564.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0666\/3471\/1191\/files\/9798312683851.webp?v=1767677192","url":"https:\/\/atlanticbooks.com\/products\/what-is-software-how-software-is-used-with-computers-9798312683851","provider":"Atlantic Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}