Umweltrisikobewertung von UV-Filtern am Beispiel von Octocilene und Oxybenzon
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Kosmetologie, Note: 3, Universität Osnabrück (Institut für Gesundheitsforschung und Bildung (IGB)), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Inwiefern handelt es sich bei den in Sonnenschutzmittel verwendeten UV-Filtern Oxybenzon und Octocrilen, um Risikosubstanzen für aquatische Ökosysteme, im Hinblick auf ihre in Kritik stehenden Merkmale (PBT und ED)? Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den ökologischen Auswirkungen chemischer UV-Filtersubstanzen in Sonnenschutzmitteln. Die beiden weitläufig verbreiteten UV-Filter, Octocrilen und Oxybenzon, werden häufig in Sonnencremes verwendet und stehen in Kritik, aufgrund eines Verdachts auf die beiden risikobehafteten Umweltfaktoren Akkumulation und endokrine Wirkung in Lebewesen. Die Vermittlung einer theoretischen Grundlage zu UV-Filtern in Sonnenschutzmitteln führt in die Thematik ein. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil dessen, ist die gesetzliche Reglementierung zur Bewertung und Zulassung von UV-Filtern. Anschlie end werden der Forschungs- und Wissenstand der Ökotoxikologie aufgezeigt und analysiert, d.h. welche Effekte, Messmethoden und Standards in dem Forschungsfeld bestehen, um eine fundierte Einschätzung des Umweltrisikos der beiden UV-Filter vorzunehmen zu können sowie die Berechtigungsgrundlage der Kritik an den chemischen UV-Schutzfiltern zu überprüfen. In einer studienbasierten Literaturrecherche wird die aktuell zur Verfügung stehende Datenlage zusammengetragen, die zur Einschätzung des Umweltrisikos, im Hinblick auf die genannten kritischen Umweltfaktoren, nötig ist. Im Anschluss werden die Forschungsergebnisse in Zusammenhang gebracht und kritisch diskutiert. Die Literaturrecherche hat ergeben, dass es sich bei Octocrilen berechtigt, um eine ökologische Risikosubstanz in Bezug auf die Persistenz und Bioakkumulation handelt. Auch Oxybenzon weist risikobehaftete Auswirkungen im Hinblick auf endokrine Effekte in der Umwelt auf.
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