Finanzverwaltung in der Ming Dynastie
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Geschichte - Asien, Note: 1,0, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften), Veranstaltung: Geschichte Ost- und Zentralasiens, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema "Die Finanzverwaltung in der Ming Dynastie." Diese Dynastie wurde von einem Herrscher begründet, der einer Bauernfamilie entstammte und während der Kämpfe gegen die Mongolen zum Truppenführer und alsbald zum Herrscher des Landes aufstieg. Besonders durch seinen persönlichen Eifer und seine langfristige Zielsetzung schaffte er es, eine neue Dynastie zu begründen, die 276 Jahre währen sollte (1368-1644). Zhu Yuanzhang war sich der Situation und der Probleme der Bauern in China bewusst und bezeichnete sich selbst als ein Kind der verfallenen sozialen Struktur. Eines seiner gro en Ziele war die Rehabilitierung der Bauern in der Gesellschaft. In der Geschichtsschreibung wird immer wieder betont, dass seine persönlichen Fähigkeiten einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur der Gründung und Erhaltung der Ming Dynastie leisteten (MOTE 1999: 561). Zhu Yuanzhang suchte während seiner Herrschaft ständig nach Wegen, um sich die Loyalität der Oberschicht zu sichern und stärkte die Rolle der konfuzianischen Gelehrten in der Gesellschaft (MOTE 1999: 572). In der heutigen Bewertung der Finanzverwaltung der Ming Zeit wird die konfuzianische Ideologie in der Finanzverwaltung als ein hemmendes Element betrachtet (HUANG 1969: 124). Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Ma nahmen, die Zhu Yuanzhang während seiner Herrschaft zur fiskalischen Verwaltung durchführte. Sie geht darauf ein, aus welchen Quellen der Staat sein Einkommen schöpfte und welche Bereiche die Ausgaben des Staates bildeten. Sie soll erläutern, wie es zu den finanziellen Problemen gekommen ist und wie der Staat darauf reagierte. Es geht nicht darum, alle fiskalischen Ma nahmen in dieser Zeit aufzulisten oder einen genauen Einblick in die Si
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