Motive für den Feldzug Kaiser Julians gegen die Perser im Jahre 363 n. Chr.
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Weltgeschichte - Altertum, Note: 1,3, Eberhard-Karls-Universit�t T�bingen (Philosophische Fakult�t), Veranstaltung: Das r�mische Reich in der Sp�tantike, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Philosophen, Philologen, Religionswissenschaftler und vor allem Historiker besch�ftigen sich seit Jahrhunderten mit der schillernden Figur des Flavius Claudius Julianus. Ich m�chte mit dieser Arbeit den letzten Abschnitt seines Lebens, den Feldzug gegen das Perserreich K�nig Sapor II. beleuchten: 363 n. Chr. fiel Julian mit seinem Heer in Persien ein und drang bis zur Hauptstadt Ctesiphon vor, konnte diese jedoch nicht erobern, und starb auf dem R�ckzug in einer von zahlreichen kleinen Schlachten gegen die Perser. Von seinem Nachfolger Jovian wurde das r�mische Heer wieder heimgef�hrt, nachdem er sich dem Friedensvertrag des K�nig Sapor II. unterworfen hatte. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diesen Feldzug anhand von Quellen von der Vorbereitung bis zum Tod des Kaisers nachzuvollziehen, sowie die m�glichen Gr�nde zu er�rtern, die Julian zu diesem Krieg bewegten und ihn schlie lich scheitern lie en. Laut Demandt ist Julian wohl "der neben Constantin am h�ufigsten biographisch behandelte r�mische Kaiser", und das, obwohl von Julian keine antike Biographie vorhanden ist. Dennoch sind �ber ihn so viele widerspr�chliche und zeitnahe Aussagen erhalten wie "�ber kaum eine andere Pers�nlichkeit der griechisch- r�mischen Antike." Nicht zu vergessen die zahlreichen Selbstzeugnisse Julians. Als wichtigste und detailreichste Quelle dient hier der um 390 niedergeschriebene Bericht von Ammianus Marcellinus, einem langj�hrigen Begleiter und Freund Julians3. Aufgrund der drei igj�hrigen Distanz des Berichtes zu den tats�chlichen Ereignissen um 363 muss jedoch die Genauigkeit in Detailfragen gepr�ft werden. Zudem war Ammian als Heide und Freund Julians, trotz Kritik die er �bte, an einem positiven Bild interessiert. Ein weiterer wichtiger Zeitzeuge ist Libanios:
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