Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism
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"Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism" by Vladimir Lenin, written in 1916 and published in 1917, explores the evolution of capitalism into its imperialistic phase. Lenin asserts that the First World War is an outcome of annexationist imperialist conflicts. The essay examines the concentration of production, emergence of finance capital, export of capital to exploit undeveloped nations, and the resulting division of the world among capitalist powers. Lenin critiques Kautsky's "ultra-imperialism," emphasizing that imperialism arises from capitalism's inherent features. He highlights imperialism's impact on parasitism, decay, and class attitudes. Ultimately, Lenin sees imperialism as a stage marking capitalism's transition to a "moribund" state.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870–1924) was a Russian revolutionary and the inaugural leader of Soviet Russia (1917–1924) and the Soviet Union (1922–1924). Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for anti-Tsarist activities, he pursued a law degree. Lenin played a pivotal role in the 1903 split of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, leading the Bolshevik faction. His leadership during the October Revolution in 1917 established Bolshevik rule. Lenin implemented land redistribution, nationalized industries, and signed treaties ending World War I.