India's Trade With Japan Constraints and Opportunities
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Dr. Abraham Joseph studies the constraints and opportunities for India to diversify exports to Japan between the First and Sixth Plan periods. He explains that a high concentration of nonmanufactured exports to Japan is not a desirable element as it causes instability in export earnings in the short run, while the rate of return in the long run would decline. Examining the possibility for India to switch over to a new trading framework with Japan in manufacturers, Dr. Joseph states that with India’s rich factor endowments, it was possible for India to move into this framework. However, during this period, the author demonstrated that production efficiency in Indian industries had inhibited diversification to Japan. Internal industrial production factors had militated against an expansion of export manufactures. Unless these internal barriers are eliminated, it will be difficult for India to compete in the Japanese market, no matter how low levels of protection may be. The study draws implication from experience of newly industrialized countries in their trade with Japan. One of the reasons why these countries expanded trade with Japan rapidly is that the trade flow among them has been stimulated by the technology transfer and foreign investment by Japan into these countries. Until 1980s India’s policies were not adequately harmonized with Japan’s Overseas Investment Policy and for this reason too, among others, no substitution of the Indian Industries have taken place. The study concludes that as Japan moves into the 21st century, many more of Japan’s labour intensive manufacturing industries will enter the reimport stage of its industrial development and will transfer technology and investment overseas. Dr Joseph suggests India to invite Japan’s technology and investment in those specific manufacturing industries as it has major economic advantages.
Dr. Abraham Joseph, did his early part of education in Singapore and at Trivandrum India. He graduated in Economics from the University College, Trivandrum and received Master's and Doctorate degrees from the Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, India. To study on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of India's Trade with Japan", he was awarded fellowships by the Indian Council of Social Sciences, New Delhi and the Japan Foundation, Tokyo. Dr. Joseph was appointed in 1980 as Consultant to the IndiaJapan Study Committee and International Economic Division, Planning Commission, Government of India. In 1982, he took charge, as the Head and Deputy Secretary of the Foreign Trade Department in FIEO, a Ministry of Commerce organisation, engaged in the task of export promotion activities. In 1983, he was appointed Assistant Economic Adviser of the Indian Investment Centre, a Ministry of Finance organisation involved in the promotion of technology transfer and foreign private investment into India. During the course of his assignment in the Centre he was nominated to serve on national expert Committees relating to foreign trade and foreign investment which included: Task Force Committees to identify knowledge based industries for Export (Ministry of Science and Technology), Territorial Committee (FIEO), Export Council (Standing Conference on Public Enterprises) and Centre's representative member on Government of India's Board for Approval Kandla Free Trade Zone and Board for Approval, hundred per cent exportoriented units. For the Centre, Dr. Joseph had also prepared and assisted in the preparation of several publications which included, 'India and Japan. Retrospect and Prospects, for Bilateral Economic Cooperation.
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