Ökonomische Analyse der flexiblen Kompensationsmechanismen der Klimapolitik: Joint Implementation und Clean Development Mechanismen
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Inhaltsangabe: Zusammenfassung: Die internationale Klimapolitik hatte ihren unbestrittenen Höhepunkt im völkerrechtlich vereinbarten Klima-Protokoll von Kyoto. Auf dieser Klimafolgekonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention aus dem Jahre 1992 in Rio wurde nochmals der Einfluss menschlichen Handelns und dessen Auswirkungen betont und infolgedessen eine erstmalige, bindende Vereinbarung der Konferenzparteien getroffen, den Aussto der so genannten Treibhausgase in der 1.Verpflichtungsperiode 2008-2012 um 5,2 % (Referenzjahr 1990) zu senken. Damit diese Reduktionsziele erreicht werden, stehen den Vertragsparteien die flexiblen Kompensationsmechanismen Joint Implementation und Clean Development Mechanism als add-on' zum herkömmlichen policy-mix' zur Verfügung. Obwohl von der Konzeption her ähnlich aufgebaut unterscheiden sich die beiden Instrumente doch wesentlich in Ihren Anwendungsvoraussetzungen. Diese Strukturen werden in der Studie definiert, erklärt und analysiert. Nach einer Einführung in die naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen des Treibhauseffekts und seiner Auswirkungen, wird die Geschichte der klimapolitischen Verhandlungen mit ihren wesentlichen Höhepunkten im Zeitverlauf dargestellt. Daraufhin erfolgt eine eingehende Erläuterung der Anwendungskriterien sowie ein kurzer Blick über den Tellerrand' auf die im Zusammenhang mit der Durchführung entstehenden Nebeneffekte (politisch, technologisch, sozioökonomisch). In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch das dritte flexible Instrument des International Emission Trading dessen Anwendung im EU ETS ab 2005 und Verbindung bzw. Verknüpfung zu JI und CDM kurz erläutert. Der Kernpunkt der Analyse folgt im Anschluss. Dieser setzt sich vertieft mit den Kosten- und Erlöskomponenten (Investitionskosten, Transaktionskosten), der internationalen Anrechnung der Reduktionseinheiten und deren ökonomischen Konsequenzen auseinander. Nach einer Darstellung exemplarischer bi- bzw. multilateraler Beispiele erfolgt als weiterer wesentlicher B
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