El límite ontológico del reduccionismo: Estructura y límites de la explicación reductiva en la filosofía de la mente contemporánea
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El l�mite ontol�gico del reduccionismo
Estructura y l�mites de la explicaci�n reductiva en la filosof�a de la mente contempor�nea
Serie T-Reality - Volumen 1
Dominio ontol�gico
Filosof�a de la mente, neurofilosof�a y ciencias cognitivas
El l�mite ontol�gico del reduccionismo es el primer volumen de la serie T-Reality, un proyecto interdisciplinario dedicado al an�lisis filos�fico y cient�fico de la conciencia, la cognici�n y la relaci�n entre cerebro, experiencia y mundo.
Este volumen examina la funci�n del reduccionismo en las ciencias naturales y su extensi�n al �mbito de la filosof�a de la mente contempor�nea. La ciencia moderna ha demostrado ampliamente la potencia de la explicaci�n reductiva: los fen�menos complejos pueden analizarse, en muchos casos, a partir de sus componentes, sus mecanismos y las relaciones funcionales que los organizan. Este modelo explicativo ha desempe�ado un papel central en el desarrollo de la f�sica, la biolog�a, las neurociencias y las ciencias cognitivas.
Sin embargo, cuando la explicaci�n reductiva se aplica al estudio de la conciencia, aparece una dificultad te�rica espec�fica. Las neurociencias pueden identificar correlatos neuronales de la experiencia consciente, describir procesos cognitivos, modelizar la actividad cerebral y explicar numerosos mecanismos implicados en la percepci�n, la memoria, la atenci�n y la acci�n. Pero la relaci�n entre estas descripciones objetivas y la experiencia subjetiva sigue siendo uno de los problemas centrales de la filosof�a de la mente.
Este libro analiza esta dificultad sin rechazar la ciencia y sin introducir especulaciones metaf�sicas. Su objetivo es clarificar el alcance exacto de la descripci�n neurocient�fica y los l�mites epistemol�gicos de los modelos reductivos cuando se aplican a la conciencia.
La obra aborda, entre otros temas:
* la definici�n del reduccionismo cient�fico;
* su �xito en las ciencias f�sicas y biol�gicas;
* su extensi�n al estudio de la mente;
* el cerebro como objeto de descripci�n cient�fica;
* los correlatos neuronales de la conciencia;
* la distinci�n entre actividad neuronal y experiencia consciente;
* el problema explicativo de la conciencia;
* los modelos contempor�neos del funcionamiento cognitivo;
* el concepto de self-model en las ciencias cognitivas;
* el problema de la referencia en los modelos de la conciencia;
* los l�mites ontol�gicos de la explicaci�n reductiva.
El volumen dialoga con los debates abiertos por Thomas Nagel, Joseph Levine, David Chalmers, Patricia Churchland, Daniel Dennett, Thomas Metzinger, Karl Friston, Stanislas Dehaene, Carl Craver, Andy Clark y varias figuras centrales de la filosof�a de la mente, las neurociencias te�ricas y las ciencias cognitivas contempor�neas.
La tesis central del volumen es metodol�gica y epistemol�gica: la explicaci�n reductiva sigue siendo indispensable para comprender los mecanismos neuronales y cognitivos, pero no debe confundirse con una identidad ontol�gica entre el modelo cient�fico y la experiencia consciente. Un modelo puede describir, representar y explicar ciertos aspectos de un fen�meno sin ser id�ntico al fen�meno que describe.
Este primer volumen establece as� el marco te�rico de toda la serie T-Reality. Prepara los an�lisis posteriores dedicados a la construcci�n cognitiva del mundo, al modelo de s� mismo, a la identidad, a la transparencia cognitiva y a los reg�menes contempor�neos del funcionamiento mental.
El l�mite ontol�gico del reduccionismo se dirige a lectores interesados en la filosof�a de la mente, la neurofilosof�a, las ciencias cognitivas, las neurociencias te�ricas y los debates contempor�neos sobre la conciencia.
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