Die Entstehung und Entwicklung des deutschen Parteiensystems
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Politik - Politisches System Deutschlands, Note: 1,7, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Veranstaltung: Proseminar, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Parteien bilden das Fundament demokratischer Gesellschaften. "Sie prägen und kanalisieren die politische Willensbildung und Interessensvermittlung jedes Einzelnen und gro er Gruppen." (Benz/Simonis in: von Alemann 2003, S.7.). Parteien beeinflussen nicht nur demokratische Politik, sondern stellen somit deren wichtigsten Steuermechanismus dar. Welche Faktoren jedoch die Entstehung des Parteiensystems und dessen Parteien herbeiführen und beeinflussen soll in dieser Arbeit näher beleuchtet werden. Die folgende Arbeit setzt sich vornehmlich mit dem Parteiensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschlands nach 1945 auseinander. Im ersten Kapitel sollen zunächst die gesetzlichen Grundlagen geklärt werden. Der darauffolgende Abschnitt ist bemüht die Entstehung der Parteien und die Entwicklung des Parteiensystems zu behandeln. Wobei ein kurzer Blick auf die zwei entscheidenden Entwicklungsfaktoren geworfen und deren Einfluss diskutiert wird. Zur Erklärung dessen wird die Arbeit sich des Modells von Lipset und Rokkan bedienen und versuchen dieses auf das Beispiel Deutschlands zu übertragen. Dabei wird zunächst ein Blick auf die Anfänge der Genese von deutschen Parteien geworfen, um das Parteiensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in seinen Wurzeln nachvollziehen zu können. Im Anschluss werden die zentralen Parteien der deutschen Parteienlandschaft nach 1945 vorgestellt und nach den Konfliktlinien untersucht, welche sie in ihrer Entstehung beeinflusst haben und in ihrer Programmatik thematisiert werden. Den Diskussionskern dieser Arbeit bilden demnach die Frage nach den beeinflussenden Faktoren des deutschen Parteiensystems und wie weit sich das cleavage1-Modell von Lipset und Rokkan auf die Entwicklung des Parteiensystems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland anwenden lässt.
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