Menschenrechte - Zwischen Eurozentrismus und Universalität?: Eine Analyse zur weltweiten Durchsetzbarkeit der Menschenrechte
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte, Note: 1,3, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nach dem Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit, das 1945 erstmalig als völkerrechtlicher Strafbestand im Londoner Statut vertraglich festgehalten wurde, verfassten die Mitgliedsstaaten der Vereinten Nationen am 10. Dezember 1948 die Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte. Jedoch stie diese im Laufe der Jahre auf immer lauter werdende Zweifel. Thesen, die behaupten, die Menschenrechte seien christlich-europäischen Ursprungs und demzufolge auch nur in einem speziellen religiös-kulturellen Umfeld anwendbar werden seit einigen Jahren in Wissenschaft und Politik kontrovers diskutiert. Demzufolge stünden die individuellen Freiheitsrechte im Widerspruch zum universellen Anspruch, da sich in nichteuropäischen Kultur- und Moralkreisen die Interessen des Einzelnen denen der Gemeinschaft unterwerfen und nicht umgekehrt, wie in Europa üblich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, der Universalitätsfrage der Menschenrechte nachzugehen und deren Durchsetzung kritisch zu hinterfragen. Im Folgenden soll auf den religiösen, sowie kulturellen Ursprung der Menschenrechte eingegangen und der Frage, ob hiervon eine Gefahr der kulturgenetischen Vereinnahmung der Menschenrechtsidee (Bielefeldt) ausgehen kann, nachgegangen werden. Anschlie end beleuchtet eine, aufgrund des begrenzten Rahmens dieser Arbeit, kurze Kant'sche Analyse die Problematik der Durchsetzbarkeit der Menschenrechte. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der (eingeschränkten) Universalität der Menschenrechte. Hier soll, neben Peter Singers Argumentation der Weltgemeinschaft, die Alternative zu den Menschenrechten, die Menschenpflichten des InterAction Councils, angeschnitten werden.
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