Kasus im Deutschen und Englischen
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Ausgehend von der LGB-Kasustheorie (Chomsky 1981) folgt die Untersuchung der Kasussysteme des Deutschen und Englischen der Leitidee, da eine universalgrammatische Kasustheorie sich eher an einer kasusflektierenden als einer flexionsarmen Sprache orientieren sollte. Auf der Basis der morphologischen Kasusmuster des Deutschen wird ein modifiziertes Kasusmodell entwickelt, das den reicheren Kasusverteilungen des Deutschen Rechnung trägt und die reduzierten Muster des Englischen als parametrische Effekte erfa t. Wesentliche Unterschiede in den Kasussystemen können auf das Vorhandensein/Fehlen distinkter morphologischer Kasus bezogen werden. Das betrifft sowohl die Unterscheidung von syntaktisch und lexikalisch determinierten Kasus(verwendungen), was besonders für das 'Dativproblem' im Deutschen relevant wird, wie die syntaktische Realisierung von Doppel-Komplement-Strukturen. Entgegen der traditionellen kasusparadigmatischen Auffassung erscheint das Kasussystem einer Sprache als aus kategorienspezifischen Subsystemen bestehend. Für die V-Kasus ergibt sich ein 'Akkusativ-zentriertes' System mit dem Nominativ als neutralem bzw. Null-Kasus. Entgegen neuerer Entwicklungen, die Kasus als Spezifikator-Kopf-Relationen auffassen, wird an dem Strukturbegriff der 'Kasusrektion' festgehalten. Die Kasusmuster des Deutschen und Englischen resultieren aus dem Zusammenwirken der drei parametrisierten Prinzipien der Kopfstellung, der Argumentrealisierung und der distinkten morphologischen Lizensierung von Argumentrelationen. Die strukturellen Prinzipien erfassen die deutsch-englischen Stellungsunterschiede und das morphologische Prinzip die beschränkten Realisierungsmöglichkeiten im Englischen. Es ergibt sich der Effekt, da der englische Verbalbereich weniger strukturiert erscheint als der des Deutschen. Behandelt werden in diesem Rahmen u.a. das Lexik-Syntax-Verhältnis (hinsichtlich der Drei-Argumente-Beschränkung), die Dativ-Alternation und P-Strandung im Englischen, die Rolle von Partizipien in Perfekt- und Passivstrukturen, AcI-Strukturen sowie transformationssyntaktische Phänomene.
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