Commitment bei bisher verlustreichen Projekten: Eine Analyse auf der Basis des Investitionsmodells
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Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Sozialpsychologie, Note: 2,0, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zu den Lebensbereichen des Menschen zählen die Arbeit und die intimen Beziehungen zu anderen Menschen. Untersucht werden diese zwei Bereiche vor allem in der Personal-, Organisations- und Sozialpsychologie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hier in der Erforschung des Commitments (Bindung) an eine Organisation oder an eine romantische Beziehung (Partnerschaft). Viele Wissenschaftler fragen sich, welche Faktoren für das Commitment und auch für die Aufrechterhaltung oder Beendigung eines Arbeitsverhältnisses oder einer Partnerschaft verantwortlich sind. Rusbult (1980a, 1983) konnte drei Prädiktoren bestimmen, die das Commitment beeinflussen. Dazu zählen die Zufriedenheit, getätigte Investitionen und die Qualität der Alternativen. Je höher die Zufriedenheit, die getätigten Investitionen und geringer die Qualität der Alternativen, desto höher ist das Commitment. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Zufriedenheit das Commitment am stärksten vorhersagt. Je höher die Zufriedenheit, desto höher ist auch die Bindung an die Organisation bzw. Partnerschaft. Das Anliegen dieser Studie ist es, herauszufinden, was passiert, wenn die Zufriedenheit gering ist. Verändert sich das Commitment? Wird das Arbeitsverhältnis oder die intime Beziehung eher aufrechterhalten oder eher beendet? Andere Forscher (Allen & Meyer, 1990) haben ein Modell entwickelt, welches das Commitment noch weiter differenziert. Sie teilen das Commitment auf in das affektive Commitment, das abwägende Commitment und normative Commitment. Ein weiteres Anliegen dieser Studie ist es, zu entschlüsseln, wie die Prädiktoren des Commitments die drei Commitmentdimensionen beeinflussen. Weiterhin kann sich auf Grundlage eines hohen Commitments an eine Organisation oder Partnerschaft ein Phänomen entwickeln, dass sich Eskalation des Commitments nennt. Die Eskalation des Commitments zeichnet sich dadurch
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