Der Zusammenhang zwischen Motivation und Leistung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 1997 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Arbeit, Betrieb, Organisation und Wirtschaft, Note: 1,0, FernUniversität Hagen (Institut für Psychologie / Fachbereich Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Determinanten menschlichen Handelns sind in der Psychologie von zentralem Interesse, versteht sie sich doch als empirische Wissenschaft, welche Erleben und Verhalten beschreibt und nicht zuletzt prognostiziert. Lange Zeit begnügte sich die psychologische Theoriebildung sowie die experimentelle Forschung mit dem recht einfachen S-O-R Modell, um das Verhalten im allgemeinen zu beschreiben. Für die Untersuchungen müssen Erhebungsmethoden benutzt werden, die möglichst reliable und auch unter gleichen Versuchsbedingungen reproduzierbare Ergebnisse liefern, welche nicht zuletzt auch dem Anspruch genügen müssen, auf den Alltag anwendbar sein zu müssen. Bei der Erforschung der Leistungsmotivation ergab sich zunächst die auf der besonders schwer zugänglichen Natur der Motivation eines Individuums beruhende Schwierigkeit, ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Feststellung und ferner zur Messung des Leistungsmotivs zu entwickeln. Hierfür diente der in den drei iger Jahren von H. Murray (1938) entwickelte Thematische Auffassungstest (TAT) und das von G. Mandler und S. Sarason (1952) entwickelte Test Anxiety Questionaire (TAQ), welche später insbesondere durch D. McClelland, J. Atkinson u. N. Feather verbessert und angepa t Verwendung fanden. Die im Laufe der Zeit mit diesen Verfahren erhobenen Forschungsergebnisse lie en zwei bestimmte Motivtendenzen erkennbar werden: zum einen die Hoffnung auf Erfolg und zum anderen die Furcht vor Mi erfolg. Diese Motivtendenzen, deren genauere Darstellung das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit sein wird, waren es auch, die den Grundstein der Leistungsmotivationstheorie bildeten und an denen sich auch moderne Modelle der Leistungsmotivationsforschung orientieren.
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