Grundbegriffe der Umweltpsychologie: Stressoren (Klima, Hitze, Kälte, Gerüche, Schadstoffe)
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Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Allgemeines, Note: 1,9, Universität Koblenz-Landau (Psychologie), Veranstaltung: Umweltbildung in Lernorten - Architekturpsychologie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1. Stress: Begriffbestimmung, Umweltstress Der Begriff "Stress" wird sehr häufig im Alltag benutzt und ist von der modernen Welt kaum wegzudenken. Dieser Begriff ist sogar so etwas wie ein "Modebegriff" geworden und wird in schulischen, alltäglichen und vor allem arbeitsbezogenen Kontexten sowohl im positiven als auch im negativen Sinne benutzt. Da der Begriff so vielseitig ist, erscheint es sogar notwendig, ihn erst mal zu definieren. Das Wort "Stress" stammt aus dem Englischen und bedeutet "Druck", "Zwang" und "Belastung". Den Begriff hat der kanadische Wissenschaftler Selye in den 50-er Jahren der vorausgegangenen Jahrhunderts in der Medizin geprägt und damit den Anfang der wissenschaftlichen Stressforschung gegründet. (vgl. Allenspach/Brechbühler, 2005, S. 26) Selye (1957) beschreibt Stress in seinem Handbuch "Stress beherrscht unser Leben" als: "Die Belastungen, Anstrengungen und Ärgernisse, denen ein Lebewesen täglich durch viele Umweltein¬flüsse ausgesetzt ist. Es handelt sich um Anspannungen und Anpassungszwänge, die einen aus dem persönli¬chen Gleichgewicht bringen können und bei denen man seelisch und körperlich unter Druck steht." (Wagner-Link, https: //www.tk-online.de/centaurus/generator/tkonline.de/b01__bestellungen__downloads/z99__downloads__bilder/pdf/broschuere__der__stress, property=Data.pdf) Allgemein gesprochen entsteht Stress in einer Situation, in der der Mensch als Individuum eine Anpassungsleistung vollbringen muss: Er muss sich an neue oder veränderte Umweltgegebenheiten anpassen. Wenn man sich im Gleichgewicht zwischen äu eren Reizen und seinen individuellen Bedürfnissen befindet, entsteht der Zustand der Homöostase. (vgl. Walden, 1998, S. 69) Wenn es dem Individuum nicht gelingt, sich der Umwelt anzupassen oder die Umwelt zu ä
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