Bestimmung Des Diffusionskoeffizienten Von Kalium in Kupfer
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Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Institut für Verfahrenstechnik der R WTH Aachen (vormals Forschungsinstitut der GVT) unter Leitung von Herrn Prof. DrAng. S. KIESSKALT durchgeführt. Die finanziellen Mittel hierzu wurden vom Landesamt für Forschung des Landes N ordrhein-Westfalen zur Verfügung gestellt. Beiden Institutionen sei gedankt. Die experimentelle Durchführung der Arbeit oblag weitgehend dem erstgenannten Verfasser. 5 Inhalt 1. Einleitung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Versuchskonzeption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3. Versuchs anlagen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. Versuchs durchführung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5. Die Diffusionsgleichung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6. Das Aufdampfen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7. Me ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8. Diskussion der gemessenen Diffusionskoeffizienten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 9. Anhang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 10. Literaturverzeichnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7 1. Einleitung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde im Hinblick auf die Diffusion des Spaltproduk- tes Caesium in Uran die Diffusion von geringen Kaliumkonzentrationen in Kupfer in einem Temperaturbereich von 550 bis 950 C untersucht. Da Kupfer nahezu den gleichen Schmelzpunkt und ungefähr die gleiche Atomgrö e wie Uran hat, kann man annehmen, da bei geringen Kalium-Konzentrationen in Kupfer und hohen Temperaturen die Diffusion ähnlich verläuft. Weil weiterhin die Atom- durchmesserverhältnisse Kalium zu Kupfer und Caesium zu Uran sich nur wenig voneinander unterscheiden, können Rückschlüsse auf die Diffusion von Caesium in Uran gezogen werden. Zur Messung des Diffusionskoeffizienten wurden in einer Hochvakuum-Appa- ratur Aufdampfschichten eines Kupfer-Kalium-Gemisches hergestellt. Diese Auf- dampfschichten wurden dann in einem Diffusionsofen unter Vakuum bei be- stimmter Temperatur geglüht. Aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf des dabei aus der Probenoberfläche austretenden Kaliumdampfstromes, der dann an einer hei en Wolframanode teilweise ionisierte und dadurch über eine Absaugkathode me - technisch zu erfassen war, wurde der Diffusionskoeffizient bestimmt.
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