Disinfectant Decay and Corrosion: Laboratory and Field Studies
Imported Edition - Ships in 12-14 Days
Free Shipping in India on orders above Rs. 500
Imported Edition - Ships in 12-14 Days
Free Shipping in India on orders above Rs. 500
The primary objective of this research was to develop and test a pipe-section reactor to measure the decay rate of disinfectant at the pipe wall. The pipe-section reactor is more convenient than pipe loop reactors which require a large laboratory and large supply volume of water. It is also a more realistic representation of the pipe surface than provided in pipe coupon experiments or annular reactors. The effects of water velocity and corrosion rate can be investigated using a pipe-section reactor, while still affording the simplicity of laboratory-scale, batch reactor operation. The secondary objective was to collect field data from two distribution systems in North Carolina (North Chatham County and Durham) to measure the decay of free chlorine by two alternative methods and to explore a relationship with corrosion rate. The ultimate goal would be to achieve a better understanding of disinfectant decay at the pipe walls such that a set of default values for decay rate coefficients could be specified for free chlorination and chloramination, the two most common secondary disinfectants. The pipe-section reactor consisted of a 20-inch (508 mm) length of either a six-inch (152 mm) diameter section of cast iron (CI) or cement-lined ductile iron (DI) pipe. An inner cylinder of Plexiglas was inserted to create a narrow annular space between pipe wall and the Plexiglas wall. A large, propeller-type stirrer was inserted into the inner cylinder to circulate water from the inner cylinder to the annular space. The water velocity adjacent to the pipe wall was controlled by the rotational speed of the stirrer motor; the velocity range was from about 0.5 to 2.0 ft/s (0.16 to 0.62 m/s). The pipe-section reactor can be operated in both continuous flow and batch modes of operation. In either mode, experiments can be designed easily to test different rate models for wall reactions. The reactor was filled with the tap water distributed by the Orange Water and Sewer Authority (OWASA) which on annual average is of very low alkalinity (3.1 mg/L as CaCO 3 ) with a pH of 7.4 and a total organic carbon (TOC) of 3.2 mg/L. The average annual concentration of a phosphate-based corrosion inhibitor was 1.3 mg/L. Except in experiments in which dissolved oxygen (DO) was removed, the DO was between 7 and 8.5 mg/L in the test water within the reactor at the beginning of the experiment. The decay rate in bulk water was measured in independent experiments in which 2 L of OWASA tap water was placed in a 2-L clean glass bottle in a dark place at room temperature (21C). Sample volumes of 25 mL were withdrawn for each chlorine measurement, giving a total withdrawal of 200 to 300 mL in each rate test. The experiments with the CI pipe-section reactor measured the effects of initial chlorine concentration, water velocity, pH, Cl - and DO on the rate of chlorine decay. The same parameters with the exception of DO were investigated in a DI pipe-section reactor.
• Author(s): Clear | James • Publisher: Penguin • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Random House • Subject: General Books
• Author(s): Jeff Kinney • Publisher: Penguin Random House Children's UK • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Random House Children's UK • BISAC: Comics & Graphic Novels - Humorous
• Author(s): Ichiro Kishimi • Publisher: GROVE ATLANTIC • Publisher Imprint: Allen & Unwin • BISAC: Personal Growth - SuccessIchiro Kishimi lives in Kyoto. He writes, lectures and teaches in psychiatric clinics as a certified counsellor and c...
View full details• Author(s): Chetan Bhagat • Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers India • Publisher Imprint: HarperCollins Publishers India • BISAC: GeneralFrom India's top-selling writer Chetan Bhagat comes a powerful new love story that will make you laugh, cry...
View full details• Author(s): Brianna Wiest • Publisher: Manjul Publishing • Publisher Imprint: Amaryllis • BISAC: Body Mind And SpiritThis is a book about self-sabotage. Why we do it, when we do it, and how to stop doing it—for good. Coexisting but conflicting n...
View full details• Author(s): Morgan Housel • Publisher: Pan Macmillan • Publisher Imprint: Pan Macmillan • BISAC: Finance - Wealth ManagementA third book from the International bestselling author of The Psychology of Money and Same as Ever, lessons on harnessing...
View full details• Author(s): Arundhati Roy• Publisher: PRH INDIA LOCAL PRINT• Publisher Imprint: Penguin Hamish Hamilton• BISAC: Literary FiguresArundhati Roy’s first work of memoir, this is a soaring account, both intimate and inspiring, of how the author became...
View full details• Author(s): Acharya Prashant • Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers India • Publisher Imprint: HarperCollins Publishers India • BISAC: GeneralIn a world where vagueness is mistaken for depth and obscurity passes for wisdom, Truth without Apology ...
View full details• Author(s): Sudha Murthy • Publisher: India Puffin • Publisher Imprint: India Puffin • BISAC: Short StoriesWho can resist a good story, especially when it's being told by Grandma? From her bag emerges tales of kings and cheats, monkeys and mic...
View full details• Author(s): Satoshi Yagisawa • Publisher: Bonnier Books Ltd • Publisher Imprint: Bonnier Books Ltd
• Author(s): Newport, Cal • Publisher: Little, Brown Book Group • Publisher Imprint: Piatkus
• Author(s): Shrijeet Shandilya • Publisher: Ebury Press • Publisher Imprint: Ebury Press • BISAC: Romance - GeneralIn the electric haze of college life, three friends are bound by laughter, late-night talks and unspoken promises. But when two of...
View full details• Author(s): Dan Brown • Publisher: Transworld Publishers Ltd • Publisher Imprint: Transworld Publishers Ltd • BISAC: Thrillers - EspionageDan Brown is the bestselling author of Digital Fortress, Deception Point, Angels and Demons, The Da Vinci C...
View full details• Author(s): Sudha Murty • Publisher: India Puffin • Publisher Imprint: India Puffin • BISAC: Action & Adventure - General
Rich Dad Poor Dad: What the Rich Teach Their Kids about Money That the Poor and Middle Class Do Not!
• Publisher: Penguin • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Random House • Subject: General Books • BISAC: Personal Finance - GeneralApril of 2022 marks a 25-year milestone for the personal finance classic Rich Dad Poor Dad that still ranks as the #1 Pers...
View full details• Author(s): Dale Carnegie | Napoleon Hill • Publisher: Fingerprint • Publisher Imprint: Fingerprint • Subject: General Books
• Author(s): Freida Mcfadden • Publisher: Penguin Select Print • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Select Publishing"Multi-Million Copy Bestselling Series •Now Being Made Into a Major Motion Picture Starring Sydney Sweeney and Amanda Seyfried #1 New Yor...
View full details• Author(s): Wonder House Books • Publisher: Wonder House Books • Publisher Imprint: Wonder House Books • BISAC: Comics & Graphic Novels - Fairy Tales, Folklore, Legends & MTimeless Wisdom, Talking Animals & Life Lessons for Young Min...
View full details• Author(s): Viktor E. Frankl • Publisher: Random House • Publisher Imprint: Random Hou • Subject: Medical, Nursing and Health Sciences
• Author(s): Madhavi Bharadwaj • Publisher: PRH India • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Ebury Press • BISAC: Parenting - MotherhoodWelcome to the wild, messy, wonderful world of parenting--where the nights are long, the diapers are explosive, and unso...
View full details• Author(s): Vir Das • Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers India • Publisher Imprint: HarperCollins Publishers India • BISAC: Entertainment & Performing ArtsComedian and actor Vir Das is beloved (by some, tolerated by others, blocked by a few...
View full details• Author(s): Eric Carle • Publisher: Penguin Books, Limited (UK) • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Books, Limited (UK) • BISAC: Animals - Butterflies, Moths & CaterpillarsEric Carle's The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a perennial favourite with child...
View full details• Author(s): Prajakta Koli • Publisher: Harper Fiction India • Publisher Imprint: Harper Fiction India • BISAC: Romance - ContemporaryWinner of the Amazon India Popular Choice Debut Book 2025 Award. From one of India's most-loved creators comes s...
View full details