I. Die Reduktion Sauerstoffhaltiger Eisenschmelzen Im Hochvakuum Mit Wasserstoff Und Kohlenstoff. II. Einfluß Geringer Sauerstoffgehalte Auf Das Gefüg
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Die Aufgabe bei der Erzeugung von reinem Eisen besteht im entscheidenden Punkt darin, den in den Ausgangsstoffen, z.B. Carbonyl- oder Elektrolyt- eisen, befindlichen Sauerstoff zu entfernen. In den älteren Arbeiten wur- den diese Ausgangsstoffe im wesentlichen nur im Vakuum umgeschmolzen. Dabei findet eine recht beträchtliche Gasabgabe statt, aber eine Ernie- drigung der Sauerstoffgehalte tritt jedoch nicht oder nur in geringem Umfange ein. Sie ist nur durch geeignete Reduktionsma nahmen zu errei- chen, die sowohl im festen als auch im flüssigen Zustand vorgenommen wer- den können. Als Reduktionsmittel für den Sauerstoff im Eisen kommen Was- serstoff oder Kohlenstoff in Frage, da beide gasförmige Reduktionsprodukte ergeben. Das Verfahren der Reduktionsbehandlung mit Wasserstoff wurde zuerst mit gutem Erfolg von T.D. JENSEN und N.A. ZIEG1ER (1) angewandt, die Elek- 3 trolyteisen im Vakuum bei 10- Torr umschmolzen. Aus den erhaltenen Blök- ken wurden nach dem Ausschmieden Ringproben für magnetische Messungen 0 angefertigt. Durch Glühen dieser Ringproben zwischen 900 und 1400 in einem trockenen Wasserstoffstrom wurde der Sauerstoffgehalt auf geringe Werte von etwa 0,003 % erniedrigt. Auf die starke Erniedrigung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Umschmelzen kohlenstoffhaItigen Eisens im Vakuum machte zuerst W. BOTTENBERG (2) auf- merksam. Systematische Untersuchungen über die Reduktion sauerstoffhaI- tiger Eisenschmelzen im Vakuum mit Kohlenstoff wurden von J. THOMAS und 1. MOREAU (3) sowie J. NISBETH (4) durchgeführt. Die erreichten günstig- sten Sauerstoffgehalte betrugen 0,002 % bei etwa 0,1 % C im Eisen.
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