Viren in Der Umwelt
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Imported Edition - Ships in 12-14 Days
Free Shipping in India on orders above Rs. 500
Viren sind in der Umwelt nahezu allgegenwärtig. Sie stellen Umweltfaktoren dar, die in starkem Ma e sowohl auf Individuen, besonders auf deren Eigenum- welt, als auch auf Ökosysteme und Populationssysteme einwirken. Viren werden oft als Parasiten auf genetischer Ebene bezeichnet, denn sie zwingen den befallenen Organismus, Virusnucleinsäure sowie Virusproteine und schlie lich neue Viruspartikeln zu bilden. Hierfür mu er zahlreiche Wirtsen- zyme, die zur Proteinbildung erforderlichen Ribosomen sowie seine Mitochon- drien und andere für die Energiegewinnung und den Energietransport erfor- derliche Mechanismen bereitstellen. Im Hinblick auf diese Verhältnisse ist eine Analyse der Eigenumwelt der virusbefallenen Organismen von besonderer Be- deutung. Es ist nicht unumstritten, die Viren, die in der Lage sind, Wirtsmechanis- men zur Virusreplikation umzustimmen und zu nutzen, die also gewisserma en ein geborgtes Leben führen, als Organismen anzusehen, deren Funktionen durch extremen Parasitismus stark vermindert sind. Zumindest für einige gro e Tier- viren dürfte das aber mit einiger Sicherheit zutreffen. Kleinere Tierviren und Viren von Bakterien und Pflanzen könnten demgegenüber eher von Zellbestand- teilen abstammen, die sich verselbständigt haben. Macht man sich - gewisser- ma en als gemeinsamen Nenner - die Sicht zu eigen, da Viren lebendig sind, auch wenn ihr Leben ähnlich wie das extrem stark zurückgebildet er Parasiten nur geborgt ist, dürfen befallene Wirts zellen und vielfach der gesamte Wirtsor- ganismus als wesentlicher Teil der Umwelt der Viren angesehen werden. Hier- durch wird es erleichtert, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Viren und ihren Wirtsorganismen zu untersuchen und zu verstehen.
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