"A Banking System Built for Terrorism"? Der Missbrauch von Alternative Remittance Systems für illegale Zwecke
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit, Note: 1,3, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit�t Mainz, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: "A Banking System Built for Terrorism", so titelte ein Artikel im Time Magazine, der im Oktober 2001 - und somit kurz nach den Anschl�gen des 11. September 2001 - ver�ffentlicht wurde. Der Autor bezieht sich in seinem Beitrag auf das Hawala-System, ein traditionelles Alternative Remittance System, das weltweit von ca. 300 Mio. Menschen genutzt wird. J�hrlich werden allein �ber Hawala mehr als 200 Mrd. US Dollar bewegt. Den Gro teil seiner Kunden stellen Migranten dar, die R�ck�berweisungen in ihre Heimat t�tigen. Doch aufgrund seiner speziellen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf fehlende Regulierung und Intransparenz liegt der Verdacht nahe, dass es ma geblich zur Terrorismusfinanzierung beigetragen hat bzw. beitr�gt. Im Rahmen meiner Hausarbeit m�chte ich daher die Frage er�rtern, inwiefern Alternative Remittance Systems zu illegalen Zwecken missbraucht werden k�nnen. Dazu werde ich zun�chst den Themenbereich Remittances skizzieren, um anschlie end die verschiedenen �berweisungskan�le darzustellen. Dabei werde ich die Gr�nde aufzeigen, warum Kunden von finanziellen Transaktionen zunehmend informelle Transfermethoden nutzen. Darauf aufbauend zeigt die Hausarbeit, inwiefern Alternative Remittance Systems das Potential f�r einen illegalen Missbrauch, insbesondere der Geldw�sche und Terrorismusfinanzierung, bieten. Zur Illustrierung werde ich abschlie end als Beispiel den Fall des Unternehmens "Al-Barakaat" anf�hren.
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