"Aktion T4". Die erste Phase der Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - Deutschland - Nationalsozialismus, II. Weltkrieg, Note: 1,0, Freie Universität Berlin (Friedrich Meinecke Institut), Veranstaltung: Hauptseminar "Biopolitik im Nationalsozialismus", Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Euthanasie im Dritten Reich ist weder der Anfang noch der Endpunkt der Planung und Umsetzung eugenischer und rassenideologischer Gedankenspiele. Diese Entwick-lung wird von mehreren Säulen getragen. Ein wichtiges Element ist die Ausweitung und Interpretation der Darwinschen Deszendenztheorie auf den Menschen, deren geistiges Produkt der Sozialdarwinismus ist. Weitere wichtige Elemente dieses Prozesses, der sich immer mehr verschärfte, sind die Eugenik, die Sozialmedizin und die Humananthropologie. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit soll die Darstellung der so genannten ersten Phase der Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus sein. Dabei sollen Planung, Ablauf, Täter, Opfer und Widerstand gegen die Euthanasie thematisiert werden. Im Resümeeteil soll der Versuch einer Einordnung der "Aktion T4" erfolgen. Ich möchte an dieser Stelle darauf verweisen, dass auch diese knappe Arbeit nicht ohne die Sprache der Täter auskommen wird, dessen sollte sich der Leser bewusst sein. Die erste Phase der Euthanasie wird gemeinhin als "Aktion T4" bezeichnet. Diese Bezeichnung geht auf die Lage der Euthanasiezentrale in der Tiergartenstrasse 4 in Berlin zurück. Eine Differenzierung zwischen der Ersten und Zweiten Phase der Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus erfolgt, da die Art der Tötung der Opfer jeweils verschieden ist. In der ersten Phase (Anfang 1940 bis August 1941) wird der Mord zentral gesteuert, hier werden die Opfer mit Kohlenstoffmonoxid vergast. In der zweiten Phase der Euthanasie (ab 1942 bis zum Kriegsende), der sog. dezentralen Ermordung, werden die Opfer mit Überdosierung von Medikamenten getötet, sterben an nicht behandelten Krankheiten oder verhungern. Zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Phase der Euthana
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