"Alles ist Zahl": Von der Arithmetik der "frühen" Pythagoreer
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Mathematik - Sonstiges, Note: 1,0, Universität Siegen (Fachbereich 6 - Mathematik), Veranstaltung: Philosophie und Geschichte der Mathematik II, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Pythagoreer Philolaos von Kroton, auf den das Zitat "Alles ist Zahl" zurückgeführt wird, beschrieb den Stellenwert der Zahlen für die Welt auch so: "Und in der Tat hat ja alles, was man erkennen kann, eine Zahl. Denn ohne sie lässt sich nichts erfassen oder erkennen." "Alles hat Zahl" bedeutete in der Vorstellung der Pythagoreer, dass sich alles aus Verhältnissen von Natürlichen Zahlen darstellen lie e. Von dieser Aussage abgeleitet lässt sich erahnen, welchen Stellenwert der Zahlbegriff bei den Pythagoreern hatte. Er war das Ma aller Dinge und vor allem göttlichen Ursprungs und daher beschäftigte man sich bei den Pythagoreern intensiv mit Zahlen. In dieser Arbeit soll es darum gehen, zum einen den hohen Stellenwert des Zahlbegriffs bei den Pythagoreern zu betonen und zum anderen innermathematische Errungenschaften dieses Bundes näher zu beleuchten. An dieser Stelle soll erwähnt werden, dass, wenn man von Mathematik bei den Pythagoreern spricht, das sog. Quadrivium gemeint ist, also die Lehre von Geometrie, Astronomie, Harmonie (Musik) und Arithmetik. Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich lediglich auf den arithmetischen Bereich des Quadriviums und möchte daher die arithmetischen Erkenntnisse der Pythagoreer näher in den Blick nehmen. Au erdem soll der zeitliche Rahmen, in dem die Arithmetik der Pythagoreer betrachtet wird, eingeschränkt werden. Daher wird das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit auf der Arithmetik des 6.- 4. Jh. v. Chr. liegen. Deshalb sollen die Pythagoreer dieser Zeit als die "frühen" Pythagoreer in Abgrenzung zu den Neu-Pythagoreern der römischen Kaiserzeit bezeichnet werden. Zunächst wird in einem ersten Abschnitt die Quellenlage bezüglich der Arithmetik der "frühen" Pythagoreer skizziert, bevor in einem zweiten Teil ein historisc
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