"bellum iustum" - Aurelius Augustinus und die Idee vom gerechten Krieg sowie deren christliche Weiterentwicklung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Theologie - Sonstiges, Note: 1,7, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität - Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Aurelius Augustinus (354-430), gebürtiger Numidier, römischer Rhetor, Konvertit und Bischof wird von vielen als einer der grö ten Geister der abendländischen Geschichte angesehen. Der Dogmenhistoriker Adolf von Harnack sagte von ihm: "Er ist der Mann, der überhaupt in der Antike und in der Kirchengeschichte nicht seinesgleichen gehabt hat". Dennoch gibt es auch Menschen, die seine Originalität bestreiten. Daher ist auch seine Stellung in der Theologie vielumstritten. Einige seiner Kritiker werfen ihm vor, er sei auf seine eigene impulsive Art nur auf bestimmte Streitfragen der damaligen Zeit eingegangen, ohne dabei ein einheitliches System der Friedenslehre hergestellt zu haben. Sie führen zusätzlich an, dass er in vielen seiner Schriften widersprüchliche Aussagen getroffen habe. Weder Bewunderer noch Kritiker jedoch können den gewaltigen Einfluss seiner Werke auf die Nachwelt bestreiten. Eine zentrale Rolle in seinem Denken kam der Friedenslehre zu. "Mit der Idee und dem Wesen des Friedens verbindet den Kirchenvater eine sehnsüchtige Liebe. Sein gesamtes Denken, Handeln, Predigen und Schreiben entströmen vor allem auch dieser inneren Haltung." (Weissenberg 2005, S. 19). Augustins Friedenslehre und seine Theorie des gerechten Krieges (bellum iustum) gelten als Grundlage der christlichen bellum iustum Theorie und nehmen daher einen hohen Stellenwert aufgrund ihrer weit reichenden, geschichtlichen Konsequenzen ein. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die wichtigsten Stationen im Leben und Wirken des Aurelius Augustinus beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit den zugrunde liegenden Traditionen augustinischen Denkens. Im Anschluss daran soll die Friedenslehre des Augustinus, sowie die daraus resultierende Lehre vom gerechten Krieg dargestellt werden. Danach richtet sich der Fokus auf die Weiterfü
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