Adaptation strategies of Shetland ponies (Equus ferus caballus) to seasonal changes in climatic conditions and food availability
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Outdoor group housing is increasingly recognized as an appropriate housing system for horses. However, ambient temperatures in Central Europe can range from -25 C in winter to +35 C in summer, thus exposing animals to extreme environmental conditions. Simultaneously, food quantity and quality may vary substantially with seasons. Whether domesticated horses can adapt to these harsh conditions, like their wild ancestor the Przewalski horse, has been in debate, because domestication represents a manipulation of the natural selection process. Little information is available on the behaviour of domestic horses under such conditions. Therefore, this dissertation analysed physiological and behavioural adaptation strategies of a robust domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony, under semi-extensive housing conditions. The main focus was on changes in metabolic rate, water metabolism, locomotor activity, lying time and several blood parameters over the course of a year. Die Gruppenhaltung von Pferden unter Au enklimabedingungen wird zunehmend als tiergerechte Haltungsform angesehen. Allerdings sind die Pferde dabei starken klimatischen Schwankungen ausgesetzt, da die Umgebungstemperaturen in Zentraleuropa von -25 C im Winter bis +35 C im Sommer reichen können. Gleichzeitig kann die Futterqualität und -quantität erheblich innerhalb des Jahres schwanken. Da die Domestikation eine Manipulation der natürlichen Selektion darstellt, ist es fraglich, ob sich domestizierte Pferde, wie ihre wilden Verwandten, die Przewalski Pferde, an solch raue Umweltbedingungen anpassen können. Bisher gibt es wenige Informationen über das Verhalten domestizierter Pferde unter solchen Haltungsbedingungen. Ziel dieser Dissertation war folglich die Analyse von Verhaltensänderungen und physiologischer Adaptationen einer domestizierten, robusten Pferderasse, dem Shetland Pony, unter semi-extensiven Haltungsbedingungen. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf Änderungen der Stoffwechselaktivität, des Wa
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