ANC - zwischen Widerstandsbewegung und Regierungspartei
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Afrikawissenschaften - Kultur und Landeskunde, Note: 1,3, Universit�t Leipzig (Institut f�r Afrikanistik), Veranstaltung: Geschichte S�dafrikas im 20. Jh., Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Seit der Rubikon Rede F.W. de Klerk's im Jahre 1990 und dem mit ihr beginnenden Ende der Apartheid in S�dafrika und der Freilassung Nelson Mandelas im Februar 1990 ist inzwischen ein Jahrzehnt vergangen. Der ANC als die bedeutendste Widerstandsbewegung vor jener Zeit hat sich zu einer politischen Partei gewandelt, die seit sieben Jahren die Regierungsverantwortung inne hat. Ausgestattet mit einer satten Mehrheit im Zweikammer-Parlament muss sich der ANC den Problemen des Landes stellen. Es gilt eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit (unter den Schwarzen bei 50%) und eine damit verbundene immense Zahl von Gewaltverbrechen zu bek�mpfen. Hinzu kommt eine immer noch deutliche ethnische und rassische Differenzierung, die sich aus einer Geschichte entwickelt hat, die weiter zur�ckliegt als der Beginn der Apartheid oder der Sieg der National Party (NP) im Jahre 1948. Dadurch gestaltet sich die Werbung um ausl�ndische Investoren als schwierig und deshalb ist auch der Ausweg aus der wirtschaftlichen Misere noch nicht gefunden. Die immer noch gro e Schere zwischen arm und reich tut sich besonders zwischen Schwarzen und Wei en auf. Der ANC hat mittlerweile seine Transition von der Widerstandsbewegung hin zu Organisationsstrukturen einer demokratischen Partei weitgehend abgeschlossen, wenn auch unter Schwierigkeiten. An einigen Stellen erkennen Kritiker seiner Regierungsarbeit jedoch schon Ans�tze einer f�r das Afrika s�dlich der Sahara typischen Pfr�nden- und Vetternwirtschaft. Man beobachtet eine Verkn�pfung der Partei mit eigenen �konomischen Interessen ihrer Mitglieder und eine enge B�ndnispolitik mit Gewerkschaften, insbesondere dem COSATU und der South African Communist Party (SACP), so dass man von keiner nennenswerten Opposition sprechen kann. Wie es dem
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