Anthony Giddens' Strukturierungstheorie als Modell für die Untersuchung von Multiagenten -Systemen
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Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Die sehr junge Forschungsrichtung Sozionik" verbindet auf eigentümliche Weise die Disziplinen Soziologie und Informatik. Sie befasst sich mit der Nutzung soziologischer Theorien für die Konzeption und Untersuchung informationsverarbeitender Netzwerke. Im Unterschied zu sogenannten Neuronalen Netzen" bzw. gehirnphysiologischen oder kognitionspsychologischen Modellen werden Sozialmetaphern und soziologische Theoriestücke herangezogen, um flexible, lernfähige und verteilte Systeme künstlicher Intelligenz zu entwerfen. Softwaresysteme verteilten Problemlösens werden zunehmend als Multiagenten-Systeme bezeichnet. Was der soziologischen Theorie der Akteur" ist, ist der Sozionik der Agent" als eine der vielen autonomen Softwareeinheiten des Netzwerks. Wissen, Intelligenz und die Kompetenz des Problemlösens wird hier wie dort als emergentes Phänomen aufgefasst, das durch die Interaktionen der Akteure bzw. Agenten erzeugt wird. In der Spannung zwischen Handlungsautonomie und interaktionsfördernder bzw. gar -ermöglichender Strukturen sieht die Sozionik eine ihrer konzeptuellen Hauptschwierigkeiten und Herausforderungen. Hier wird pointiert - ausgehend von den Anforderungen, die an Multiagenten-Systemen gestellt werden - danach gefragt, welche Kriterien eine soziologische Theorie aufweisen muss, um sich als sozionische Theorie empfehlen zu können. Damit wird insbesondere der Dualismus zwischen Handlung und Struktur fokussiert und die Mikro-Makro-Debatte thematisiert. Da Mikrotheorien oft arg vereinfachend mit subjektivistischen, 'strukturlosen' Theorien gleichgesetzt werden, wird - im Hinblick auf einen differenzierteren und den Theorien gerechter werdenden Umgang - dem Gegensatzpaar Mikro vs. Makro, das Subjektivistisch vs. Objektivistisch hinzugefügt. Die soziologische Mikro-Makro-Debatte erfährt aus dem jüngst getauften Forschungsfeld der Sozionik fruchtbare und reichhaltige Impulse. Diese Arbeit kann - vor dem Hintergrund der von Anthony Gi
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