Basiert gesetzliches Recht auf dem Fundament der Gerechtigkeit?: Gerechtigkeit unter dem Gesichtspunkt des positiven Rechts
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Ästhetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 1,3, Pädagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg (Institut für Philosophie und Theologie), Veranstaltung: Gerechtigkeit und Fairness, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit greift den Themenkomplex der juristischen Gerechtigkeit auf und geht der Frage nach, ob gesetzliches Recht tatsächlich auf dem Fundament der Gerechtigkeit basiert. Hierfür muss die Konstituierung positiven Rechts genauer untersucht und im Hinblick auf moralische Aspekte hinterfragt werden. Beleuchtet wird die Fragestellung sowohl aus einem kontraktualistischen als auch aus einem relativistischen Blickwinkel. Letztlich wird beabsichtigt, die Frage nach einer Moralpflicht gegenüber dem gesetzlichen Recht zu stellen und Recht und Moral somit in ein Verhältnis zueinander zu setzen. Das Adjektiv "positiv" stammt von dem lateinischen Verb "ponere" ab, was so viel wie "setzen" hei t. Das dazugehörige Partizip "gesetzt" ist auf "positum" zurückzuführen. Das positive Recht ist also als ein gesetztes Recht zu verstehen. Verkörpert wird es durch die vom Menschen niedergeschriebenen Gesetze, welche für die Regulierung menschlichen Zusammenlebens verantwortlich sind. Legitimität erlangen die positiven Rechte allein durch den Akt ihres Beschlusses. Damit sind sie für alle im Staat lebenden Bürgerinnen und Bürger verbindlich und ihre Nichteinhaltung sanktionierbar. Diese Geltungsart des gesetzten Rechts repräsentiert demnach nicht die einzig wahre Gerechtigkeit, sondern blo vom Menschen festgelegte Rechte. Aus der individuellen Satzung des Rechts resultiert also, dass das positive Recht verschiedene Gestalten annehmen kann. So unterscheiden sich beispielsweise vorgeschriebene Gesetze von Land zu Land.
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