Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
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My previous volume rejected the belief that the cosmological redshift of light resulted from the expansion of the universe following the Big Bang. It concluded that a better explanation was provided by a non-relativistic theory based on Fritz Zwicky's tired-light theory as elaborated by Arthur Compton. This book reviews the origin of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which was first discovered in 1965 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. With a standard optical telescope, the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope detects a faint background glow that is almost uniform and is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. According to the Big Bang theory, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is relic radiation from the Big Bang. However, as measurements of the CMB improved, contradictions with this theory's predictions began to emerge and it began to fall apart. Alternative explanations began to emerge. The analysis in this volume suggests that the cosmic microwave background radiation resulted from clouds of ionized plasma from thermonuclear reactions in stars colliding with clouds of intergalactic dust. As with the previous volume, it concludes that there was no Big Bang, the universe is not just 13.8 billion years old, but is indefinitely old, and in a steady state, not expanding.
Underwood, Trevor: - "Trevor Underwood was born in England in 1943, and became a US citizen in 2004. He earned a M.A. in mathematics and physics at Cambridge University in 1965, and a M.Sc. in economics at the London School of Economics in 1967, followed by further graduate studies at the University of Rochester, NY, and at Harvard University. He worked for the Bank of England, the International Monetary Fund, and the UK Treasury between 1969 and 1973. He founded a treasury consultancy and software company in 1974, which he ran until 2017. In 2008 he returned to scientific research. In November 2015, he published a paper "A new model of human dispersal" on bioRxiv.org, the online preprint archive for biology run by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He then wrote six climate science papers which were published in a book (November 2019) "The Surface Temperature of the Earth". In December 2021, he published "Urbain Le Verrier on the Movement of Mercury - annotated translations". This was followed by a series of reviews of theoretical physics: (April 2023) "Quantum Electrodynamics - annotated sources. Volumes I and II"; (June 2023) "Special Relativity"; (November 2023) "General Relativity"; (March 2024) "Gravity"; (May 2024) "Electricity & Magnetism"; (July 2024) "Quantum Entanglement"; and (September 2024) "The Standard Model"; culminating in his conclusions in (October 2024) "New Physics". In November, 2024, he published "Cosmological Redshift of Light"."
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