Cosmological Redshift of Light
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This book addresses the cause of the cosmological redshift of light, currently assumed to be due to the Doppler effect on light resulting from the expansion of the universe following the Big Bang. However, there is an alternative less radical theory. Fritz Zwicky's "tired-light" theory attributes the linear cosmological redshift with distance from the observer to the loss of energy by photons, and consequent increase in wavelength, resulting from interactions between the photons and intervening electrons or matter whilst travelling through intergalactic space. Arthur Compton's paper [Compton, A. H. (May, 1923). A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements] confirmed that the scattering of electrons by X-rays or γ-rays results in a redshift due to the transfer of energy from the photons to the scattered electron. For electromagnetic radiation from remote galaxies observed from the Earth, travelling through intergalactic space known to contain electrons and other matter, this also results in a linear increase in the redshift with the distance travelled by the photons. It is possible that both phenomena contribute to the observed cosmological redshift of light, but the current volume concludes that the loss of energy by photons is sufficient. There was no Big Bang, the universe is not just 13.8 billion years old, but is indefinitely old, and in a steady state, not expanding.
Underwood, Trevor: - "Trevor Underwood was born in England in 1943, and became a US citizen in 2004. He earned a M.A. in mathematics and physics at Cambridge University in 1965, and a M.Sc. in economics at the London School of Economics in 1967, followed by further graduate studies at the University of Rochester, NY, and at Harvard University. He worked for the Bank of England, the International Monetary Fund, and the UK Treasury between 1969 and 1973. He founded a treasury consultancy and software company in 1974, which he ran until 2017. In 2008 he returned to scientific research. In November 2015, he published a paper "A new model of human dispersal" on bioRxiv.org, the online preprint archive for biology run by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He then wrote six climate science papers which were published in a book (November 2019) "The Surface Temperature of the Earth". In December 2021, he published "Urbain Le Verrier on the Movement of Mercury - annotated translations". This was followed by a series of reviews of theoretical physics: (April 2023) "Quantum Electrodynamics - annotated sources. Volumes I and II"; (June 2023) "Special Relativity"; (November 2023) "General Relativity"; (March 2024) "Gravity"; (May 2024) "Electricity & Magnetism"; (July 2024) "Quantum Entanglement"; and (September 2024) "The Standard Model"; culminating in his conclusions in (October 2024) "New Physics"."
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