Das Lever unter Ludwig XIV. - ein Herrschaftsinstrument von wem und für wen?
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Geschichte - Sonstiges, Note: 2,0, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Geschichte), Veranstaltung: Seminar, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Würde in der heutigen Zeit jemand auf die Idee kommen, sich um die Gunst zu streiten, Frau Merkel morgens das Handtuch reichen zu dürfen, nachdem sie sich das Gesicht gewaschen hat? Sicher nicht, dies würde als grobes Eindringen in die intimste Privatsphäre empfunden werden. Umso befremdlicher erscheint es, dass sich um genau solche und ähnliche Vorrechte vor etwas mehr als 300 Jahren Herzöge und Fürsten am Hofe Ludwigs XIV. von Frankreich regelrecht rissen. Diese zur Zeremonie erhobenen Handlungen waren unter dem Begriff Lever (zu Deutsch: das Aufstehen) bekannt. Nun könnte man sich dazu verleiten lassen, das Lever als ein Phänomen eines hochgezüchteten Hoflebens abzutun. Doch das wäre eine allzu eindimensionale Abhandlung des Themas. Man darf nicht vergessen, dass es keine Erfindung des "Sonnenkönigs" war. Sich als König von hohen Adeligen bei täglich wiederkehrenden Handlungen des Alltags bedienen zu lassen, verfügte bereits zu seiner Zeit über eine lange Tradition - nicht nur im französischen Königshaus. Hinter dem allmorgendlich stattfindenden Ritual um das sich Erheben des Königs von der Nachtruhe steckt mehr als die aus heutiger Sicht oftmals befremdlich öffentliche Selbstinszenierung sogenannter absolutistischer Herrscher. Die Forschung hat das Ritual des Lever lange stiefmütterlich behandelt. Norbert Elias Werk "Die höfische Gesellschaft", veröffentlicht 1969, gab erstmals eine vertiefende Interpretation zu unter anderem diesem Thema ab. Er geht davon aus, dass der König seinen Hof durch von ihm genau berechnete Gunstzuweisungen oder deren Entzug unter Kontrolle brachte, um eine maximale Einflussnahme zu erreichen und die Machtbalance zu seinen Gunsten ausschlagen zu lassen. Dem Adel bescheinigt er weitgehende Hilflosigkeit gegenüber dem Monarchen. Elias unterstellt
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