Der Flynn-Effekt. Möglichkeiten zur Messung von Intelligenz und deren Schwächen
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Lernpsychologie, Intelligenzforschung, Note: 2,0, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Intelligenzmodelle vorgestellt. Mittels des weitverbreiteten WISC-Testverfahrens zur Messung des IQ soll ein Einblick in die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen entsprechender Praktiken geben. Es werden Intelligenzunterschiede nicht nur über Generationen hinweg, sondern auch im Lebenslauf eines Individuums beleuchtet. Durch Flynns Beantwortung einiger Paradoxa im Hinblick auf die generationenabhängige intellektuelle Veränderung wird zudem ein Begründungsansatz geliefert. Inwiefern genaue Ursachen zur Ergründung des Flynn-Effekts verantwortlich gemacht werden können soll letztlich im Fazit die Frage sein. James Flynn, der Mann nach dem der Flynn-Effekt benannt ist, machte in den Achtzigerjahren eine folgenschwere Entdeckung. Seinen Untersuchungen zufolge stieg die Leistung in Intelligenztests - vorrangig in Industrienationen - über die Jahre von etwa 1930 bis zu dem damaligen Zeitpunkt (1984 und noch weiter hinaus) kontinuierlich an. Dieses Phänomen zog sich bis in die frühen Zweitausenderjahre hin. Seitdem ist jedoch kein erwähnenswerter Anstieg mehr zu verzeichnen. Flynn konnte also durch entsprechende Messverfahren und Vergleiche feststellen, dass Menschen vor 70 Jahren in heutigen IQ-Tests derart schlecht abgeschnitten hätten, dass ein gro er Teil von ihnen unter heutigen Verhältnissen als geistig behindert eingestuft würde. Es wäre für heutige junge Erwachsene demnach gar problematisch, ein Gespräch auf geistiger Augenhöhe mit ihren Gro eltern zu führen. Da aber feststeht, dass derartige Probleme nicht vorherrschen, muss entweder die Verlässlichkeit weltweit anerkannter Intelligenztests hinterfragt werden oder die allgemeine Erwartungshaltung dahingehend gebremst bzw. neu justiert werden, inwiefern IQ-Tests die allgemeine Intelligenz von Individue
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