Der Herrschaftsbegriff
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2000 im Fachbereich Soziale Arbeit / Sozialarbeit, Note: 2, Hochschule München, Veranstaltung: Soziologie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Macht und Herrschaft, zwei Erscheinungen, die sehr nahe beieinander zu liegen scheinen. Sind sie voneinander verschieden, wenn ja wie stark, geht letztere nicht sogar aus der Macht hervor? Es gibt unterschiedliche Formen von Herrschaft. Max Weber unterscheidet in seinem Werk "Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft"3, drei verschiedene Typen von legitimer Herrschaft: rationale, traditionale und charismatische Herrschaft. Alle drei Herrschaftstypen sind von gänzlich unterschiedlichem Charakter. Wir werden uns mit jedem einzeln auseinandersetzen. Finden sich bei näherer Betrachtung auch verschiedene Formen von Macht? Vorab müssen, um Missverständnisse im weiteren Verlauf auszuräumen, die Begriffe Macht und Herrschaft an sich, definiert werden. Die lexikalische Literatur beruft sich meist auf Max Weber und seine Definition der beiden Begriffe im Werk "Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft"4. Ich werde hiervon nicht abweichen und Weber zitieren, was zu folgender Definition führt: "Macht bedeutet jede Chance, innerhalb einer sozialen Beziehung den eigenen Willen auch gegen Widerstreben durchzusetzen, gleichviel worauf diese Chance beruht."5. Für die Herrschaft gilt: "Herrschaft soll hei en die Chance, für einen Befehl bestimmten Inhalts bei angebbaren Personen Gehorsam zu finden(.)"6. Wir sehen hier also, dass Herrschaft durchaus auch Macht ist; der Herrscher setzt immerhin seinen Willen durch; Macht aber nicht zwingend zur Herrschaft werden muss. Setze ich meinen Willen, auch gegen Widerstand, durch, übe ich noch lange keine Herrschaft aus. Im weiteren Verlauf dieser Arbeit werde ich dies bei Heinrich Popitz anhand seines Buches "Phänomene der Macht"7, daraus speziell das Kapitel "Macht und Herrschaft: Stufen der Institutionalisierung von Macht"8, verdeutlichen. Dort konkret, aber auch später bei Max Weber, wird ersichtlich werden
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