Der Mensch - ein gutes oder böses Wesen?
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Ästhetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 2,0, Universität Leipzig, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Was ist die Aufgabe der philosophischen Anthropologie? Bei näherer Betrachtung des griechischen Namens ἀνθρωπολογία wird bereits ersichtlich, dass es sich um eine Art "Menschenkunde" handelt. Im Mittelpunkt dieser noch relativ jungen philosophischen Disziplin stehen Erkenntnisse über die Natur des Menschen. Sie versucht, das Allgemein-Menschliche zu bestimmen und soll dem Menschen zur Selbstbesinnung und Verortung in der Welt dienen. Dies kann zum Beispiel durch einen Vergleich mit der übrigen belebten Natur erreicht werden. Die eigentlichen Aufgaben der Anthropologie liegen jedoch im Praxisbereich. Sie soll einer sinnvollen Selbstverwirklichung dienlich sein, die Gesellschaft menschenwürdiger gestalten und damit verbunden gibt die philosophische Anthropologie der Ethik und Pädagogik eine Grundlage für ihre Arbeit. Um diesem Praxisanspruch gerecht zu werden, bedarf es zunächst einer Wesensbeschreibung des Menschen. Dies soll die Aufgabe meiner Hausarbeit sein. Selbstverständlich kann ich aufgrund der geforderten Kürze kein komplettes System des menschlichen Wesens entwerfen, sondern muss mich auf ein Wesensmerkmal beschränken. Ich möchte hier der Frage nachgehen, ob der Mensch von Natur aus ein "gutes" oder "böses" Wesen ist. Zuvor muss jedoch der Versuch erfolgen, das "Gute" und das "Böse" genauer zu definieren. Ich werde unter diesem Aspekt die Metaphysik vernachlässigen, da diese versucht, Erkenntnisse au erhalb unserer sinnlichen Erfahrung zu ziehen und dies für unseren Themenkomplex nicht ergiebig ist. Ich möchte danach nicht mehr der abendländischen Philosophie und Tradition folgen, sondern einen eher ungewöhnlichen Weg einschlagen. Ich werde unter dem Blickwinkel des "Guten" und des "Bösen" das Menschenbild der beiden chinesischen Philosophen Meng-tse und Xun-tse darlegen, um dieses
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