Der Mensch ein Mängelwesen?
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Zwischenprüfungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Note: 2, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die philosophische Anthropologie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Arnold Gehlen verfasste 1940 unter dem Titel "Der Mensch, seine Natur und seine Stellung in der Welt" eine der bedeutendsten philosophischen Anthropologien. Auf diesen Text ist die hier vorliegende Arbeit primär gestützt. Diese Studienarbeit stellt sich der zentralen Frage, ob der Mensch ein Mängelwesen ist. Eine Einführung in diese Problematik ist die Ausführung unter der Überschrift: Empirische Anthropologie. Aus ihr gehen sowohl die Herkunft und die Entstehung des Mängelwesenbegriffs, als auch erste einleitende Bestimmungen verschiedener Philosophen dazu hervor. Der anschlie ende Mensch-Tier-Vergleich soll verdeutlichen, dass nur auf der Grundlage dieser Gegenüberstellung der Mängelwesenbegriff überhaupt erst entstehen konnte. Neben den Feststellungen, dass der Mensch vergleichsweise (zum Tier) sparsam von der Natur ausgestattet worden ist, steht die Untersuchung der Existenzbedingungen, die ein solch exponiertes Wesen wie der Mensch zum Überleben haben muss, im Mittelpunkt. Das Mängelwesen wird im dritten Punkt thematisiert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang werden u.a. Begriffe wie Weltoffenheit, Reizüberflutung, Antriebsüberschuss und bereits der Hiatus ohne dem darauf folgenden Punkt des Entlastungsprinzips zu weit vorzugreifen, erklärt werden. Punkt 5 wird diese Begriffe in Bezug zum Entlastungsprinzip vertieft erläutern. Der Mensch muss eigentätig seine Mängel in Überlebenschancen umwandeln. Dazu muss er sich entlasten. Wie der Mensch dies schafft, wird unter benanntem Abschnitt dargestellt.
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