Der Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald und seine Wälder
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Examensarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Phys. Geogr., Geomorphologie, Umweltforschung, Note: 1, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Geowissenschaften - Physische Geographie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald war bei seiner Gründung 1969 der erste Nationalpark in Deutschland. Obwohl die Nationalparkidee in den USA bereits seit der Gründung des Yellowstone-Nationalparks im Jahr 1872 bekannt ist, dauerte es nahezu hundert Jahre, bis auch in Deutschland eine Landschaft diesen Status erlangte. Im Gegensatz zu den weitläufigen, dünn besiedelten und vom Manschen nahezu ungenutzten Landschaften in den USA herrschten für die Region Bayerischer Wald jedoch gänzlich andere Voraussetzungen. Der Bayerische Wald war seit dem Mittelalter besiedelt, der Wald blieb je-doch zunächst, von einigen Rodungsinseln abgesehen, von einer intensiven Nutzung verschont. Bedeutend war die Region vor allem für die über seine Bergrücken verlaufenden Salzhandelsrouten nach Böhmen und die sich seit dem Mittelalter betriebenen Glashütten, die hier beste Bedingungen, ein unerschöpflich erscheinender Reichtum an Holz und Quarz, vorfanden. Erst im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert setzte eine intensive Nutzung der Holzbestände ein und damit die planmä ige Umwandlung der urwüchsigen Bestände in Wirtschaftswälder. Der Beginn des Kalten Krieges bedeutete für die Region eine Zäsur. Die zentrale Lage verwandelte sich in eine Randlage und die kunsthandwerkliche Glasindustrie verlor zunehmend an Bedeutung, sodass sich die Region zum "Armenhaus" Deutschlands entwickelte. Neue Einnahmequellen mussten erschlossen werden. Der Gründung des Nationalparks gingen jedoch nicht in erster Linie ökonomische Überlegungen voraus. Im Fokus stand von Beginn der Überlegungen an der Naturschutz, denn die zu gro en Teilen noch intakten urwüchsigen Hochlagenwälder des Bayerischen Waldes waren in dieser Form und Ausdehnung einmalig in Deutschland und besa en dahe
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