Der Risikobegriff in der neoliberalen Rationalität
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Individuum, Gruppe, Gesellschaft, Note: 1,0, Universität Hamburg (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Gouvernementalität und Subjektkonstitution, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der heutigen Zeit, in der das neoliberale Paradigma die gesellschaftspolitischen Diskurse ma geblich bestimmt, ist die soziologische Beschäftigung mit dem Risikobegriff vor die Aufgabe gestellt, auf welche Fragen sie ihr Augenmerk legen soll. So genannte "evolutionäre Risiken", Risiken wie globale Klimaveränderungen durch das Auftreten des Ozonlochs oder die Nutzung der Kernenergie, liegen spätestens seit Ulrich Becks "Risikogesellschaft" auf dem wissenschaftlichen Tableau. Beck setzt voraus, dass globale Risiken der Bedrohung des Lebens auf unserem Planeten gegeben sind, die egalisierend wirken und lediglich die Einschätzung und Wahrnehmung dieser Risiken sozialen Definitionsprozessen unterworfen sind. Einen anderen Zugang zum Risikobegriff als die objektivistische Analyse Becks eröffnet die des Foucault-Schülers Francois Ewald, fokussiert sie doch die vermeintlichen Risiken auf einer anderen Ebene. Risiken sind nicht gegeben, sondern stets konstruiert. Sie sind "eine Rationalität, eine Art des Denkens über die Realität und der Versuch, sie vorhersehbar und beherrschbar zu machen." Deshalb betrachtet Ewald die Entstehung der Versicherung gleichsam als Konzept zur sozialen Steuerung von Kontingenz. Ferner erscheint Foucaults Begriff der Gouvernementalität hier als hilfreich, die Vorgänge angemessen zu beschreiben, da im Zuge der Bewältigung der vermeintlichen Risikolagen die Individuen als subjektivierte mit Selbstsorge, Vorsorge und Verantwortung betraute autonome Entscheider hervorgebracht werden. Wie aber kommt es dazu? Wie schreiben sich die Subjektivierungsformen in die Individuen ein? Wie nutzen die "Technologien der Macht" die Versicherungsrationalität, um sie auch auf ihr vormals fremde Felder anzuwenden? Wie werden die
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