Développement et durabilité de l'agriculture (Sénégal, Mauritanie, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger): Les services agrométéorologiques pour les producteurs r
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Cet ouvrage retrace l'histoire des services agrom�t�orologiques au S�n�gal, en Mauritanie, au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger, pour analyser leurs forces et faiblesses face au d�fi global du changement climatique.
Dans la seconde moiti� du XXe si�cle, l'agrom�t�orologie s'est d�velopp�e comme une science appliqu�e pour r�duire les risques climatiques et maximiser les opportunit�s de production.
Au Sahel, les applications agrom�t�orologiques ont pris leur essor apr�s les s�cheresses des ann�es 1970 et 1980, lorsqu'un effort international a �t� d�ploy� pour soutenir les pays les plus touch�s. � l'�poque, on a cr�� des divisions d'agrom�t�orologie au sein des services m�t�orologiques nationaux ainsi que des centres r�gionaux sp�cialis�s (comme AGRHYMET).
D�s les ann�es 1990, la disponibilit� d'ordinateurs personnels toujours plus puissants et performants, coupl�e � l'utilisation des donn�es satellitaires et des Syst�mes d'Information G�ographique, a permis le d�veloppement de services agrom�t�orologiques op�rationnels au Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger et S�n�gal.
Pour sa part, l'Organisation M�t�orologique Mondiale a favoris� l'am�lioration de ces services par le biais de plusieurs initiatives, g�r�es par le centre AGRHYMET (les projets AP3A et SVS financ�s par l'Italie) ou par les pays concern�s (le programme METAGRI financ� par l'Espagne et le programme METAGRI-OPS sponsoris� par un groupe de donateurs comprenant la Norv�ge, l'Espagne et la Gr�ce).
Ainsi, au fil du temps, on a assist� � une rapide �volution des services agrom�t�orologiques destin�s aux producteurs ruraux, gr�ce aux nouvelles technologies (et notamment � la disponibilit� des smartphones). Cependant, ces services, lanc�s sous forme de projets � court terme, demeurent des prototypes et, bien que leurs impacts positifs soient d�sormais reconnus et scientifiquement v�rifi�s, leur durabilit� est encore � prouver.
Tarchiani, Vieri: - Patrizio Vignaroli, chercheur auprès de l'Institut pour la Bioéconomie du Conseil National des Recherches (CNR-IBE), a participé à de nombreux programmes en matière de développement rural et de gestion des risques liés au changement climatique au Sahel.
Andrea Di Vecchia, ingénieur, s'occupe de développement rural au Sahel et de systèmes d'alerte précoce contre l'insécurité alimentaire. Il a coordonné, pour le CNR-IBE, des projets de développement en Afrique de l'Ouest au niveau national et régional. Maurizio Bacci, chercheur agrométéorologiste auprès du CNR-IBE, dispose d'une longue expérience dans l'application de la climatologie en agriculture, ainsi que dans la formation du personnel des services météorologiques en Afrique subsaharienne. Vieri Tarchiani, chercheur auprès du CNR-IBE, a coordonné des projets au Sahel dans les domaines de l'agrométéorologie appliquée, de la gestion des risques climatiques et du développement des compétences des services météorologiques et hydrologiques.• Author(s): Clear | James • Publisher: Penguin • Publisher Imprint: Penguin Random House • Subject: General Books
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