Die Auswirkungen der "Kokainindustrie" auf die Volkswirtschaften der Andenregion
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Inhaltsangabe: Zusammenfassung: Die illegale Kokainindustrie ist ein internationaler Wirtschaftszweig mit Umsätzen in Milliardenhöhe. Sie umfasst den Anbau der Kokapflanze, den Export des Kokains durch kriminelle Organisationen (Drogenkartelle") und den Verkauf an den Endverbraucher. Diese Schattenwirtschaft entzieht sich der staatlichen Kontrolle, reagiert aber auf bekannte ökonomische Signale. Die betroffenen Länder sind die Andenstaaten Bolivien, Peru und Kolumbien, die für 99 % des weltweiten Kokainangebots verantwortlich sind, und auf der Nachfrageseite die westlichen Industriestaaten, von denen die USA den grö ten Anteil am Konsum haben. Das soziale Problem der Kokainabhängigkeit veranlasst die Regierungen der Konsumländer nicht nur den Handel, sondern auch den Kokaanbau als Quelle der Droge zu bekämpfen. Als globale Erscheinung wirkt sich die Kokainindustrie auf die Au enpolitik der betroffenen Länder aus und beschäftigt auch internationale Organisationen wie die UN. In dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, welche Auswirkungen eine Schattenwirtschaft von solcher Grö e auf die relativ kleinen Volkswirtschaften der Andenländer hat. Dazu werden zunächst das Ausma und der Aufbau der Kokainindustrie erläutert, soweit es deren illegaler Charakter zulässt. Dann werden Entstehung und Entwicklung der Kokainindustrie und deren Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik in einer Einzelbetrachtung der drei Produktionsländer untersucht. Schlie lich sollen Lösungsansätze für das Kokainproblem dargestellt und deren ökonomische Logik geprüft werden. Inhaltsverzeichnis: Inhaltsverzeichnis: INHALTSVERZEICHNISI ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNISIII 1.EINLEITUNG1 2.AUFBAU UND AUSMA DER KOKAININDUSTRIE1 2.1Einleitung1 2.2Ausma der Kokainindustrie2 2.3Kokainproduktion3 2.4Export und Distribution des Kokains4 2.5Kokainkonsum6 2.6Kokainpreis8 3.DIE KOKAININDUSTRIE IN DEN ANDENLÄNDERN10 3.1Bolivien10 3.1.1Entstehung und Entwicklung der Kokainindustrie10 3.1.2Auswi
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