Die Bedeutung von φαντασία (phantasia) in Aristoteles' "De anima"
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie der Antike, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Veranstaltung: Aristoteles, De anima, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Aristoteles' Werk 'De anima' "enthält [...] eine philosophische Lehre von der Seele und vom Menschen, auf metaphysischer Grundlage" und gilt als ältestes erhaltenes Zeugnis einer systematischen Untersuchung der menschlichen Seelenwelt. Deshalb wird 'De anima' heute als Grundsteinlegung der Psychologie als eigener philosophischer Disziplin betrachtet. Nach dem Siegeszug der empirischen Psychologie in den letzten Jahrzehnten gewinnt es wieder zunehmend an Bedeutung, wenn die empirisch arbeitende Psychologie an die Grenzen ihrer durch die Methode eingeschränkten Forschungsgegenstände stö t. Hier müssen naturwissenschaftlich orientierte Psychologen und Anthropologen immer wieder auf die philosophische Psychologie zurückgreifen. An der Aktualität ihres Gegenstandes kann bei der Seelenlehre Aristoteles' deshalb kein Zweifel bestehen und so auch nicht am Stellenwert der Schrift 'De anima' für die gegenwärtige Forschung. Problematisch beim Umgang mit antiken Schriften ist, neben der Überlieferungsgeschichte und Übersetzung, vor allem die Interpretation des heutigen Lesers. Besonders deutlich wird dies im dritten Kapitel des dritten Buches, wenn Aristoteles phantasia in seine Seelenlehre einführt. Über kaum eine Stelle der Schrift wird in der Fachwissenschaft mehr diskutiert, sie gilt als "extremely unclear". Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, phantasia in der Rolle darzustellen, die Aristoteles selbst ihr im dritten Kapitel des dritten Buchs gab. Deshalb werden die von Aristoteles selbst angeführten Argumente für die Notwendigkeit von phantasia im Erkenntnisprozess die Struktur des Hauptteils vorgeben. So soll die auf fünf Argumenten basierende, negative Definition von phantasia, die er hier vornahm, nachvollzogen werden. Erst auf dieser Grundlage kann dann die Bedeutung
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