Die Bestimmung von Marktmacht: Ökonomische Kriterien und kritische Diskussion
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,3, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Veranstaltung: Seminar "Fusionen, Marktmachtmissbrauch und vertikale Vereinbarungen", Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Begriff der Marktmacht ist vor allem im Bereich der Wettbewerbspolitik ein allgegenwärtiger. Bevor man sich allerdings der Frage zuwendet, wie Marktmacht gemessen wird und welche Vor- und Nachteile die jeweiligen Vorgehensweisen bieten, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit jedoch erst einmal geklärt werden, was genau man unter dem Begriff der Marktmacht versteht und warum diese so wichtig ist. Unter Marktmacht versteht man im Allgemeinen die Fähigkeit eines Unternehmens - oder aber auch einer Gruppe von Unternehmen, welche gemeinsam agieren - den Preis eines Gutes über das wettbewerbliche Niveau anzuheben, ohne dabei so viel Nachfrage zu verlieren, dass eine Preiserhöhung unprofitabel wird und diese anschlie end wieder aufgehoben werden muss. Der sich unter vollkommenem Wettbewerb herausbildende Marktpreis, welcher als Referenzma stab für die Feststellung eines überhöhten Preises dient, entspricht den Grenzkosten der Produktion. Für die Wettbewerbspolitik ist nicht das reine Vorhandensein der Marktmacht - also das Vorhandensein eines Preissetzungsspielraumes - von Bedeutung, sondern das Ausnutzen dieses Spielraums. Relevant ist also vielmehr, ob ein Marktmachtmissbrauch eines Unternehmens vorliegt. Denn die Ausübung von Marktmacht führt zu unterschiedlichen Formen von Ineffizienzen und somit zu Wohlfahrtsverlusten für die Gesellschaft, welche durch die Summe von Konsumenten- und Produzentenrente gemessen wird. Besonders zum Tragen kommt der Verlust an Konsumentenrente als Auswirkung von Marktmacht im Rahmen des "More Economic Approach" bei der Formulierung der europäischen Wettbewerbspolitik, da diese somit stärker auf den Schutz der Konsumentenwohlfahrt ausgerichtet wird. Die möglicherweise durch Marktmacht verursachten Ineffizienzen erkläre
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