Die deutsche Asylpolitik in den 90ern
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Politik, Majoritäten, Minoritäten, Note: 1,3, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Institut für Sozialwissenschaften), Veranstaltung: Proseminar, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das 20. Jahrhundert gilt als das "Jahrhundert der Flüchtlinge" . Betrachtet man die Geschichte der Flüchtlingsbewegungen und die Zahl von heute etwa 21 Millionen Flüchtlingen weltweit, so ist dieser Begriff durchaus berechtigt. Unter dem Eindruck der Schrecken des Nationalsozialismus, wurde in der Bundesrepublik dem Schutz von Flüchtlingen ein besonderer Stellenwert eingeräumt. "Politisch Verfolgte genie en Asyl" lautet demnach der Artikel 16 des Grundgesetzes. Wurden in den ersten Jahrzehnten der Bundesrepublik auch dementsprechend gro zügig Asylbewerber anerkannt, so änderte sich dies, mit dem Ansteigen der Asylbewerberzahlen. Bereits 1978 erkannte das für Klagen von Asylbewerbern zuständige Verwaltungsgericht Ansbach nur 111 Personen an, lehnte jedoch 2.882 ab. Die Politik reagierte mit den Beschleunigungsgesetzen von 1978 und 1980, die für Asylbewerber die Möglichkeiten einschränkten, Widerspruch beziehungsweise Klage gegen ihre Ablehnung zu erheben. Da durch diese Ma nahmen die Zahl der Flüchtlinge nicht abnahm, wurde 1980 für mehrere Staaten die Visumpflicht eingeführt, wodurch Die Bürger dieser Länder oft gar nicht erst in die Bundesrepublik gelangen können. Unter anderem mussten in der Folgezeit auch Türken, Äthiopier und Afghanen Visa beantragen, bevor sie ins Flugzeug stiegen. Da Menschen aus diesen Ländern zu den Antragstellern mit den höchsten Anerkennungsquoten gehörten, kann als sicher gelten, dass dadurch viele Asylberechtigte nicht in die Bundesrepublik gelangten.
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